Table 1.
Baseline descriptive statistics stratified by DII score quartiles.
| DII Quartilesa |
p valueb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | |||
| N | 1503 | 1501 | 1502 | 1503 | ||
| Type 2 diabetes | 67 (5.4) | 87 (6.9) | 85 (6.8) | 92 (7.3) | 0.22 | |
| DII score | −2.60 ± 0.49 | −1.41 ± 0.29 | − 0.31 ± 0.36 | 1.36 ± 0.70 | < 0.01 | |
| Age | 51.0 ± 10.4 | 48.6 ± 10.2 | 47.6 ± 9.4 | 45.9 ± 9.1 | < 0.01 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1 ± 3.1 | 26.1 ± 3.3 | 26.4 ± 3.5 | 26.7 ± 3.5 | < 0.01 | |
| ≥30 | 102 (6.8) | 162 (10.8) | 203 (13.5) | 230 (15.3) | < 0.01 | |
| WC (cm) | 90.3 ± 9.4 | 93.2 ± 10.1 | 94.4 ± 9.9 | 94.6 ± 10.4 | < 0.01 | |
| ≥102 | 167 (11.5) | 250 (17.3) | 311 (21.5) | 319 (21.8) | < 0.01 | |
| WHtR | 0.51 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.06 | 0.53 ± 0.05 | 0.53 ± 0.6 | < 0.01 | |
| ≥0.58 | 117 (8.1) | 189 (13.1) | 216 (14.9) | 244 (16.7) | < 0.01 | |
| BF% | 19.6 ± 6.0 | 21.2 ± 6.0 | 21.8 ± 6.0 | 22.6 ± 5.8 | < 0.01 | |
| ≥25 | 254 (17.1) | 374 (25.2) | 428 (28.8) | 503 (33.8) | < 0.01 | |
| Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 2431 ± 598 | 2440 ± 663 | 2233 ± 590 | 1884 ± 532 | < 0.01 | |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 97.7 ± 8.3 | 98.2 ± 8.4 | 98.7 ± 8.6 | 99.0 ± 8.6 | < 0.01 | |
| Current smokers | 106 (7.1) | 116 (7.7) | 181 (12.1) | 250 (16.6) | < 0.01 | |
| Heavy drinkers | 174 (11.6) | 147 (9.8) | 164 (10.9) | 142 (9.5) | 0.20 | |
| Family history of diabetes | 149 (9.9) | 177 (11.8) | 184 (12.3) | 150 (10.0) | 0.08 | |
| Physically inactive | 155 (10.3) | 284 (18.9) | 372 (24.8) | 501 (33.3) | < 0.01 | |
| Hypertension | 403 (26.8) | 439 (29.3) | 469 (31.2) | 437 (29.1) | 0.07 | |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 441 (29.3) | 451 (30.1) | 470 (31.3) | 466 (31.0) | 0.64 | |
| Average follow-up (years) | 6.9 ± 4.8 | 6.6 ± 4.5 | 6.5 ± 4.5 | 6.1 ± 4.4 | < 0.01 | |
a
Categorical variables are reported as counts with column percentage; continuous variables are reported as means with standard error.
b
P values for categorical variables were based on chi-square/ANOVA tests and continuous measures were based on t tests.