Table 2.
Aspects of criticism | Illustrative examples | Implications for development process |
Aspect 1: commentary on the preferred wording of the anchors of the Likert scales. | “The anchors don’t match the question, seems like they are asking for two different things in one question.” (ID: 1002) Commentary about item 2b: How much improvement in your condition do you expect? Anchors: 0 (no change)/10 (largest possible improvement). |
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Aspect 2: comparison of analogue phrasings for key constructs to hope/to expect/to fear with phrasings like to think or to wish. | “To wish for something isn’t reality, you can wish for inaccessible things, to hope for something is more realistic.” (ID: 1004) |
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Aspect 3: evaluation of the theoretical differentiation between probabilistic and value-based expectation. | “To expect and to hope are different from each other. You can hope for a lot more than expect. To expect is more realistic.” (ID: 1009) |
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Aspect 4: comparison of two different versions of exemplary items: change question or statement formulation. | “The phrasing of 24a triggers burdens when you’re at the beginning of the treatment, 24b doesn’t trigger burdens.” (ID: 1005) Commentary about item (24a) vs (24b): (24a) I expect to be burdened by the treatment. (24b) How much burden do you expect your treatment will cause? |
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Item-level criticism: commentary on the content or wording of specific items. | “Item sounds like it is just for psychotherapy.” (ID: 1007) Commentary about item 15: I expect to take part more actively in social life due to treatment. |
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