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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Horm Behav. 2020 Jan 31;120:104691. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104691

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

A schematic diagram illustrating sex-biasing influences of sex chromosomes and gonadal hormones, which act independently and interdependently on cells in diverse tissues. Because different sex-biasing factors can work together or in opposition, their effect can be to make or reduce sex differences in emergent phenotypes. From (Arnold, 2019b), reprinted with permission of Elsevier.