Appendix 2—figure 5. Stable equilibria of the particle ecology as a function of inter-colour competition traits.

These equilibria correspond to the limit of the fixed points of the $G_{\theta }$ function when particle-level and collective-level time scales are well separated ( $r\gg \frac{1}{T}$), derived in proposition 3. Other interaction parameters are $a_{00}=0.7$ and $a_{11}=0.8$, and the result is independent of growth rates. The grey area indicates bistability.