Table 1. Clinical characteristics of RCTs and observational studies included in the systematic review.

Stages	Author	Design of study	Clinical stage	Histology	Debulking status	No. of patients		Definition of SL and control	Quality
						SL	Control
Advanced-stage	Panici et al. [9]	RCT	IIIB–IV	Various	Optimal or residual tumors <2 cm	216	211	SL: pelvic and para-aortic SL	62.1% had residual postoperative intraabdominal tumor (R0 SL: 37.0%, Control: 37.4%)
								Control: removal of ≥1 cm LN	Resection of bulky lymph nodes allowed in control
									Surgical quality not assessed
	Harter et al. [8]	RCT	IIB–IV	Various	Complete	323	324	SL: pelvic and para-aortic SL	All data available to study question (R0 SL: 99.4%, Control: 99.4%)
								Control: not performed
	du Bois et al. [10]	Observational	IIB–IV	Various	Optimal	610	894	SL: pelvic and para-aortic SL	Exploratory analysis of 3 RCTs
								Control: not performed	Surgical quality not clear
									SL by discretion of surgeon
	Abe et al. [11]	Observational	III–IV	Various	Optimal or residual tumors <2 cm	28	28	SL: pelvic and/or para-aortic SL	Small sample size
								Control: not performed	Surgical quality unclear
	Chang et al. [12]	Observational	IIIC (node metastasis only excluded)	Various	Optimal or suboptimal	135	54	SL: pelvic and/or para-aortic SL	Single center
								Control: not performed	22% of SL were pelvic only
	Sakai et al. [13]	Observational	III–IV	Various	Optimal	87	93	SL: pelvic and para-aortic SL	Patient characteristics was balanced
								Control: removal of ≥1 cm LNs	Surgical quality unclear
	Pereira et al. [14]	Observational	IIIC–IV (peritoneal implants >2 cm with positive nodes)	Various	Optimal or suboptimal	30	53	SL: >40 resected pelvic and para-aortic LNs	Single center
								Control: ≤40 resected pelvic and para-aortic LNs	Selection bias
									Control underwent lymphadenectomy
	Paik et al. [15]	Observational	III (node metastasis only excluded)–IV	Various	Optimal or suboptimal	135	126	SL: pelvic and/or para-aortic SL	Single center
								Control: not performed	Selection bias
									SL group younger than control
									Only 8 removed LNs in SL group exists
	Zhou et al. [16]	Observational	IIIC–IV	Various	Optimal or suboptimal	367	521	SL: >20 resected LNs	SEER study
								Control: not performed	Age and residual tumor different between SL and control
Early-stage	Maggioni et al. [17]	RCT	I–II	Various	Optimal	138	130	SL: pelvic and para-aortic SL (unilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy allowed in unilateral tumors)	Surgical quality not assessed
								Control: random sampling	Unilateral lymphadenectomy allowed
	Abe et al. [11]	Observational	I–II	Various	Optimal or residual tumors <2 cm	40	22	SL: pelvic and/or para-aortic SL	Small sample size
								Control: not performed	Residual tumor different between SL and control
	Oshita et al. [18]	Observational	I–II	Various	Unknown	284	138	SL: pelvic and para-aortic SL	Selection bias
								Control: not performed	Surgical quality unclear
	Svolgaard et al. [19]	Observational	I	Various	Unknown	216	411	SL: pelvic SL or para-aortic SL or both	Selection bias
								Control: not performed	No background information of each group
									Pelvic SL 44%, para-aortic SL 7%, both 48%
	Matsuo et al. [20]	Observational	I–II	Various	Unknown	8,489	4,628	SL: ≥12 resected pelvic LNs	SEER study
								Control: <12 resected pelvic LNs	Details of lymphadenectomy not clear

LN, lymph node; R0, no residual disease; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SL, systematic lymphadenectomy.