Table 3. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression.
| Characteristics | Univariable | Multivariable | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Age | 1.03 (1.03–1.04) | <0.001 | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) | <0.001 | |
| Stage | |||||
| Localized | 1 | 1 | |||
| Regional | 2.51 (2.16–2.94) | <0.001 | 2.48 (2.09–2.93) | <0.001 | |
| Distant | 8.80 (7.09–10.9) | <0.001 | 5.40 (4.18–6.97) | <0.001 | |
| Tumor size (cm) | |||||
| <2 | 1 | ||||
| 2–3.9 | 1.77 (1.48–2.24) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.23–1.80) | <0.001 | |
| ≥4 | 2.49 (2.05–3.02) | <0.001 | 1.75 (1.43–2.13) | <0.001 | |
| Size unknown | 1.07 (0.89–1.28) | 0.498 | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | 0.768 | |
| Race | |||||
| White | 1 | 1 | |||
| Black | 1.40 (0.99–1.98) | 0.054 | 1.27 (0.89–1.81) | 0.196 | |
| Other | 1.02 (0.67–1.56) | 0.921 | 1.01 (0.66–1.56) | 0.952 | |
| CDCC score | |||||
| 0 | 1 | ||||
| 1 | 1.39 (1.17–1.66) | <0.001 | 1.21 (1.01–1.44) | 0.037 | |
| 2 | 2.47 (1.84–3.32) | <0.001 | 1.62 (1.20–2.19) | 0.002 | |
| ≥3 | 4.02 (2.36–6.83) | <0.001 | 2.65 (1.53–4.58) | <0.001 | |
| Insurance | |||||
| Not insured | 1 | 1 | |||
| Private insurance | 0.53 (0.34–0.82) | 0.004 | 0.61 (0.39–0.96) | 0.033 | |
| Medicaid | 0.94 (0.54–1.63) | 0.833 | 0.90 (0.51–1.58) | 0.705 | |
| Medicare | 1.14 (0.74–1.74) | 0.555 | 0.62 (0.39–0.99) | 0.045 | |
| Other government | 0.60 (0.18–2.01) | 0.408 | 0.62 (0.18–2.10) | 0.441 | |
| Unknown | 0.91 (0.49–1.70) | 0.760 | 0.79 (0.41–1.52) | 0.483 | |
| Median income quartiles | |||||
| <$38,000 | 1 | 1 | |||
| $38,000–$47,999 | 0.83 (0.67–1.02) | 0.074 | 0.97 (0.78–1.21) | 0.802 | |
| $48,000–$62,999 | 0.72 (0.58–0.88) | 0.002 | 0.87 (0.70–1.09) | 0.220 | |
| $63,000+ | 0.71 (0.58–0.87) | 0.001 | 0.86 (0.70–1.07) | 0.187 | |
| % of adults in patient zip code with no high school degree | |||||
| ≥21.0 | 1 | - | - | ||
| 13.0–20.9 | 1.01 (0.91–1.26) | 0.928 | - | - | |
| 7.0–12.9 | 0.85 (0.69–1.05) | 0.141 | - | - | |
| <7.0 | 0.86 (0.68–1.07) | 0.171 | - | - | |
| Region | |||||
| Northeast | 1 | 1 | |||
| Midwest | 1.19 (0.97–1.45) | 0.098 | 1.26 (1.02–1.56) | 0.033 | |
| South | 1.17 (0.97–1.43) | 0.109 | 1.19 (0.96–1.46) | 0.115 | |
| West | 0.87 (0.70–1.08) | 0.201 | 1.23 (0.98–1.56) | 0.079 | |
| Facility type | |||||
| Academic | 1 | 1 | |||
| Non-academic | 1.21 (1.06–1.39) | 0.005 | 1.23 (1.07–1.42) | 0.004 | |
| County population | |||||
| Metro | 1 | - | - | ||
| Urban | 1.11 (0.93–1.33) | 0.242 | - | - | |
| Rural | 1.08 (0.68–1.73) | 0.743 | - | - | |
| Primary site surgery | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.21 (0.16–0.27) | <0.001 | 0.48 (0.36–0.65) | <0.001 | |
| Lymph node surgery | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.76 (0.66–0.87) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.72–0.97) | 0.020 | |
| Unknown | 0.84 (0.27–2.60) | 0.756 | 1.15 (0.36–3.63) | 0.082 | |
| Radiation | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 2.14 (1.78–2.58) | <0.001 | 1.25 (1.01–1.54) | 0.036 | |
| Chemotherapy | |||||
| No | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.62 (1.23–2.13) | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.60–1.09) | 0.166 | |
| Immunotherapy | |||||
| No | 1 | - | - | ||
| Yes | 1.11 (0.89–1.38) | 0.364 | - | - | |
The p-values less than or equal to 0.05 are shown in bold.
CDCC, Charlson/Deyo comorbidity; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.