Table 3. Operational definitions of the comorbidities (II).

ICD-10-CM code		Number of diagnosis	Diagnostic tests or therapy	Combination	Reference
Heart failure
	I50	Admission or outpatient department ≥1	N/A	1+2	19),22),23),43),47),48)
	I11.0, I50, I97.1	Admission ≥1 or outpatient department ≥2	N/A	1+2	20)
Previous myocardial infarction
	I21, I22	Admission or outpatient department ≥1	N/A	1+2	19),22),23),43),47),48)
PAD
	I70, I73	Admission or outpatient department ≥1	N/A	1+2	22),23),43),47),48)
	I70.0, I70.1, I70.2, I70.8, I70.9	Admission ≥1 or outpatient department ≥2	N/A	1+2	20)
Previous ischemic stroke
	I63, I64	Admission ≥1	Brain imaging (CT or MRI) ≥1	1+2+3	20),36)
	I63, I64	Admission ≥1 or outpatient department ≥2		1+2	87)
	I63, I64	Admission or outpatient department ≥1	N/A	1+2	19),22),23),37),53)
TIA
	G45	Admission or outpatient department ≥1	N/A	1+2	19),22),36),37),78)
	G458, G459	Admission or outpatient department ≥1	N/A	1+2	23)
Thromboembolism
	I74	Admission or outpatient department ≥1	N/A	1+2	22),23)
Previous ICH
	I60–I62, I06.4-6	Admission ≥1	≥1 pack of red blood cell transfusion	1+2+3	23)
ESRD
	N185, Z49	Dialysis ≥2	N/A	1+2	43),47),48)
	N18, N19, Z49, Z905, Z94, Z992	≥2 dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis)	N/A	1+2	22)
CKD
	N18, N19	Admission ≥1 or outpatient department ≥2	eGFR <60mL/min/1.73m2	1+2+3 or 1+2	20)

Combination: 1 = ICD-10-CM code; 2 = Number of diagnosis; and 3 = Diagnostic tests or therapy.

CKD = chronic kidney disease; CT = computed tomography; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESRD = end-stage renal disease; ICD-10 = International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision; ICH = intracranial hemorrhage; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; N/A = not applicable; PAD = peripheral arterial disease; TIA = transient ischemic attack.