Table 1. Baseline characteristics in the early AVR group versus the medical observation group.
| Variable | Entire population (n=255) | Medical observation (n=218) | Early AVR (n=37) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 70.1±11.3 | 71.3±11.4 | 63.1±7.9 | <0.001 | |
| Male (sex) | 158 (62.0) | 130 (59.6) | 28 (75.7) | 0.094 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.9±4.7 | 22.7±4.9 | 23.8±3.0 | 0.217 | |
| LVEF (%) | 40.3±8.5 | 40.3±8.4 | 40.5±9.2 | 0.889 | |
| LVEF <40% | 91 (35.7) | 78 (35.8) | 13 (35.1) | 1.000 | |
| LVEDD | 56.7±7.9 | 55.6±7.4 | 62.6±8.1 | <0.001 | |
| LVESD | 44.4±7.8 | 43.6±7.1 | 48.6±9.9 | 0.019 | |
| AV maximal velocity (m/s) | 2.66±0.66 | 2.53±0.55 | 3.45±0.89 | <0.001 | |
| AV mean PG (mmHg) | 16.1±10.9 | 14.3±9.3 | 26.4±13.7 | <0.001 | |
| AVA (cm2) | 1.24±0.15 | 1.25±0.15 | 1.19±0.13 | 0.026 | |
| NYHA functional class | 0.032 | ||||
| I | 33 (12.9) | 33 (15.1) | 0 | ||
| II | 140 (54.9) | 115 (52.8) | 25 (67.6) | ||
| III or IV | 82 (32.2) | 70 (32.1) | 12 (32.4) | ||
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension | 150 (58.8) | 135 (61.9) | 15 (40.5) | 0.024 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 89 (34.9) | 77 (35.3) | 12 (32.4) | 0.877 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 38 (14.9) | 36 (16.5) | 2 (5.4) | 0.132 | |
| Prior PCI | 43 (16.9) | 40 (18.4) | 3 (8.1) | 0.193 | |
| Prior CABG | 32 (12.6) | 30 (13.8) | 2 (5.4) | 0.194 | |
| Prior valvular surgery | 39 (15.3) | 25 (11.5) | 14 (37.8) | <0.001 | |
| COPD | 11 (4.3) | 10 (4.6) | 1 (2.7) | 0.933 | |
| Previous stroke | 15 (5.9) | 12 (5.5) | 3 (8.1) | 0.807 | |
| Medications | |||||
| Beta-blockade | 50 (19.5) | 45 (20.3) | 5 (14.7) | 0.596 | |
| RAS blockade | 100 (38.9) | 84 (37.7) | 16 (47.1) | 0.391 | |
| Spironolactone | 26 (10.1) | 22 (9.9) | 4 (11.8) | 0.971 | |
| Diuretics | 104 (40.5) | 90 (40.4) | 14 (41.2) | 1.000 | |
| Digoxin | 59 (23.0) | 48 (21.5) | 11 (32.4) | 0.238 | |
| Calcium channel blocker | 66 (25.8) | 56 (25.2) | 10 (29.4) | 0.757 | |
| Statin | 81 (31.6) | 75 (33.6) | 6 (18.2) | 0.114 | |
| Laboratory findings | |||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.8±2.3 | 11.6±2.2 | 12.8±2.6 | 0.006 | |
| Platelet (×103/μL) | 191±70 | 190±72 | 201±59 | 0.402 | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.29±2.61 | 2.43±2.74 | 1.49±1.53 | 0.004 | |
Values are presented by mean±standard deviation or number (%).
AV = aortic valve; AVA = aortic valve area; AVR = aortic valve replacement; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LVEDD = left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD = left ventricular end-systolic dimension; NYHA = New York Heart Association; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; PG = pressure gradient; RAS = renin-angiotensin system.