Table 3. Association of early AVR with all-cause or cardiovascular death of patients with moderate AS and concomitant LVSD.

Outcome		No.	Event	Total follow-up duration (years)	Incidence rate* crude	HRs (95% CI)
						Crude	Adjusted†
All-cause death
	Medical observation	218	112	596	18.80	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
	Early AVR	37	9	179	5.03	0.31 (0.16–0.61)	0.43 (0.20–0.91)
Cardiovascular death
	Medical observation	218	60	596	10.07	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
	Early AVR	37	6	179	3.35	0.39 (0.17–0.90)	0.48 (0.19–1.26)

AS = aortic stenosis; AVA = aortic valve area; AVR = aortic valve replacement; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; CI = confidence interval; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HR = hazard ratio; LVEF= left ventricular ejection fraction; LVSD = left ventricular systolic dysfunction; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; RAS = renin-angiotensin system.

^*Incidence rate is presented as per 100 person-years; ^†Multivariable Cox-proportional hazard regression model was adjusted with age, sex, LVEF, AVA, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, prior PCI, prior CABG, COPD, previous stroke, hemoglobin, creatinine, RAS blockade, and beta-blockade.