Figure 2.

Impact, relative to an undisturbed state, of removal of net primary production (NPP) on the abundance of organisms in different trophic levels—herbivores (green), omnivores (purple) and carnivores (red)—in four ecosystems: (a) high productivity, aseasonal (Uganda); (b) relatively high productivity, highly seasonal (France); (c) relatively low productivity, seasonal (Gobi Desert, China); and (d) low productivity, aseasonal (Libyan Desert). Simulations and plotting conventions are as in Fig. 1.