Table 2.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal association between the thirds of pulse wave velocity and standardized scores of global cognitive score and individual cognitive domains
| Cognitive domain outcome | Pulse wave velocity | Standardized cognitive score at baseline | Change in standardized cognitive score (per 7 years) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Differencea (95% CI) | P value | Differencea (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Global cognitive score | |||||
| Lowest third | 1.0 (Ref) | – | 1.0 (Ref) | – | |
| Middle third | − 0.06 (− 0.12, − 0.01) | 0.03 | − 0.02 (− 0.06, 0.03) | 0.48 | |
| Highest third | − 0.12 (− 0.18, − 0.06) | < 0.001 | − 0.06 (− 0.11, − 0.01) | 0.01 | |
| Memory | |||||
| Lowest third | 1.0 (Ref) | – | 1.0 (Ref) | – | |
| Middle third | − 0.04 (− 0.10, 0.03) | 0.28 | 0.04 (− 0.03, 0.11) | 0.23 | |
| Highest third | − 0.12 (− 0.19, − 0.05) | < 0.001 | − 0.01 (− 0.08, 0.07) | 0.84 | |
| AH4-I | |||||
| Lowest third | 1.0 (Ref) | – | 1.0 (Ref) | – | |
| Middle third | − 0.06 (− 0.12, 0.00) | 0.03 | 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.05) | 0.52 | |
| Highest third | − 0.08 (− 0.13, − 0.02) | 0.01 | − 0.03 (− 0.07, 0.01) | 0.09 | |
| Phonemic fluency | |||||
| Lowest third | 1.0 (Ref) | – | 1.0 (Ref) | – | |
| Middle third | − 0.08 (− 0.15, − 0.01) | 0.02 | − 0.03 (− 0.09, 0.04) | 0.45 | |
| Highest third | − 0.10 (− 0.17, − 0.03) | 0.007 | − 0.08 (− 0.15, − 0.01) | 0.03 | |
| Semantic fluency | |||||
| Lowest third | 1.0 (Ref) | – | 1.0 (Ref) | – | |
| Middle third | − 0.02 (− 0.09, 0.04) | 0.45 | − 0.05 (− 0.11, 0.00) | 0.06 | |
| Highest third | − 0.08 (− 0.14, − 0.01) | 0.03 | − 0.06 (− 0.13, 0.00) | 0.06 | |
aDifferences are adjusted for age and sex and their interactions with time and time squared and for ethnicity and employment grade and their interactions with time