Table 2.

Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of metabolic syndrome associated with an interquartile-range increase in residential surrounding greenspace (NDVI or VCF).

		500 m buffer		1000 m buffer		LSOA
Vegetation index	Model	IQR	Hazard ratio	IQR	Hazard ratio	IQR	Hazard ratio
NDVI	1	0.16	0.88 (0.79, 0.97)*	0.15	0.90 (0.81, 0.99)*	0.18	0.89 (0.80, 0.99)*
	2		0.88 (0.80, 0.98)*		0.90 (0.81, 1.00)		0.90 (0.81, 1.01)
	3		0.87 (0.77, 0.99)*		0.90 (0.79, 1.01)		0.91 (0.79, 1.03)
VCF	1	9.4	0.84 (0.77, 0.93)*	8.7	0.83 (0.76, 0.92)*	10.1	0.81 (0.73, 0.90)*
	2		0.85 (0.77, 0.93)*		0.84 (0.76, 0.93)*		0.82 (0.74, 0.91)*
	3		0.86 (0.78, 0.95)*		0.85 (0.77, 0.94)*		0.83 (0.75, 0.92)*

Note: All results from Cox Proportional Hazard models. Model (1): minimally adjusted model, adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity; Model (2): Model (1) + alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, and smoking; Model (3): fully adjusted model, Model (2) + individual socioeconomic status (education and employment grade), and neighbourhood socioeconomic status (income and employment deprivation). IQR, interquartile range; NDVI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; VCF, Vegetation Continuous Fields.