Table 1.
Characteristics of hospitalized cases@ from household incurred catastrophic hospitalization expenditure in last 365 days, India 2017-18.
| Young |
Adult |
Older adult |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MCHE |
SCHE |
MCHE |
SCHE |
MCHE |
SCHE |
|||||||
| Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | |
| Outcome | ||||||||||||
| Used distressed financing for hospitalization (%) | 24.9 | 1.5 | 32.8 | 2.8 | 25.1 | 0.7 | 32.0 | 1.3 | 23.7 | 1.0 | 28.9 | 1.4 |
| Exposure | ||||||||||||
| Female (%) | 33.1 | 1.5 | 31.2 | 2.9 | 48.4 | 0.8 | 46.8 | 1.3 | 41.7 | 1.2 | 37.3 | 1.6 |
| Hospitalization & treatment characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Number of hospitalizations in household (mean) | 2.2 | 0.1 | 2.5 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 0.1 |
| Nature of ailment | ||||||||||||
| Cardio-vascular diseases (%) | 4.6 | 0.8 | 8.1 | 1.8 | 9.8 | 0.4 | 10.3 | 0.6 | 19.1 | 0.9 | 22.6 | 1.4 |
| Cancers (%) | 0.6 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 4.3 | 0.4 | 6.7 | 0.8 | 7.0 | 0.8 | 11.1 | 1.4 |
| Musculoskeletal diseases (%) | 1.1 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 5.6 | 0.5 | 7.5 | 1.1 | 6.4 | 0.5 | 6.1 | 0.7 |
| Communicable diseases (%) | 51.0 | 1.6 | 38.5 | 2.6 | 24.9 | 0.7 | 17.9 | 1.1 | 15.4 | 0.9 | 10.6 | 0.9 |
| Other disease (%) | ||||||||||||
| Hospitalized at private health care facility (%) | 78.6 | 1.1 | 84.3 | 1.5 | 77.2 | 0.6 | 79.6 | 0.9 | 73.5 | 1.0 | 78.7 | 1.5 |
| Duration of hospitalization (days - mean) | 7.8 | 0.3 | 10.3 | 0.6 | 9.0 | 0.3 | 12.0 | 0.6 | 8.9 | 0.3 | 10.5 | 1.5 |
| Out-of-Pocket hospitalization expenditure in last 365 days (INR₹ - mean) | 27820 | 1229 | 49482 | 2896 | 39368 | 1085 | 64344 | 2107 | 47069 | 1537 | 73700 | 2870 |
| Share of Out-of-Pocket hospitalization expenditure to total household expenditure (%) | 15.2 | 0.4 | 22.9 | 0.9 | 20.4 | 0.4 | 29.7 | 0.7 | 20.0 | 0.3 | 27.3 | 0.6 |
| Economic characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Non-medical monthly per capita consumption expenditure (INR₹ - mean) | 2056 | 43 | 1899 | 64 | 2363 | 22 | 2227 | 34 | 2836 | 41 | 2879 | 57 |
| Health insured (%) | 16.7 | 1.2 | 19.1 | 2.6 | 20.6 | 0.6 | 19.2 | 0.9 | 20.4 | 0.9 | 18.5 | 1.2 |
| Household head regular salary/wage employee (%) | 16.0 | 1.1 | 14.7 | 2.3 | 14.4 | 0.5 | 12.7 | 0.7 | NA | NA | ||
| Household head currently pensioner/rentier/remittances recipients (%) | 3.1 | 0.4 | 3.7 | 0.8 | 4.5 | 0.2 | 4.9 | 0.3 | NA | NA | ||
| Regular salary/wage employee (%) | NA | NA | 8.4 | 0.4 | 7.9 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.2 | ||
| Currently pensioner/rentier/remittances recipients (%) | NA | NA | 1.6 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 22.4 | 0.8 | 22.8 | 1.2 | ||
| Social Characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Household head secondary education completed (%) | 36.0 | 1.7 | 34.1 | 3.0 | 33.1 | 0.7 | 30.6 | 1.1 | NA | NA | ||
| Secondary education completed (%) | NA | NA | 36.2 | 0.8 | 32.8 | 1.2 | 20.5 | 0.8 | 22.6 | 1.2 | ||
| Currently married (%) | NA | NA | 73.8 | 0.7 | 73.6 | 1.1 | 60.8 | 1.2 | 63.9 | 1.6 | ||
| Female household head (%) | 9.1 | 0.9 | 12.2 | 1.9 | 11.3 | 0.5 | 12.0 | 0.9 | NA | NA | ||
| Scheduled Caste/Tribe (%) | 20.9 | 1.1 | 20.1 | 1.8 | 24.6 | 0.8 | 25.8 | 1.3 | 17.9 | 1.0 | 16.9 | 1.4 |
| Hindu (%) | 79.7 | 1.2 | 84.3 | 1.6 | 81.4 | 0.6 | 83.4 | 1.0 | 78.8 | 0.9 | 79.6 | 1.2 |
| Rural residence (%) | 72.4 | 1.4 | 79.4 | 1.8 | 68.7 | 0.7 | 72.4 | 1.0 | 62.3 | 1.1 | 64.0 | 1.4 |
| Number | 3484 | 1225 | 16758 | 7254 | 7081 | 3429 | ||||||
MCHE = Share of OOPHE to THE >= 10%; SCHE = Share of OOPHE to THE >= 25%; @ Cases refers episodes of individual hospitalization in last 365 days; NA = Not applicable.