Table 2.
Pairwise Comparisons for Fundamental Frequency (F0) Among Occupation Types (Stereotypically Male, Stereotypically Female, and Gender Neutral) Across Age Groups (Bonferroni Corrected)
| Sex | Occupation type (I) | Occupation type (J) | Mean difference (I – J) |
SE | df | p | 95% CI | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Girls (n = 42) | ||||||||
| Female | Male | 32.80 | 4.87 | 293.78 | < .001 | [21.06, 44.55] | 0.932 | |
| Neutral | Female | −19.06 | 3.93 | 290.25 | < .001 | [−28.53, −9.59] | 0.552 | |
| Neutral | Male | 13.74 | 3.97 | 290.43 | .002 | [4.18, 23.30] | 0.399 | |
| Boys (n = 40) | ||||||||
| Male | Female | −12.8 | 4.78 | 307.03 | .022 | [−24.39, −1.38] | 0.383 | |
| Neutral | Female | −9.92 | 3.83 | 305.08 | .03 | [−19.15, −0.69] | 0.302 | |
| Female | Male | 2.96 | 3.73 | 305.41 | .100 | [−6.02, 11.95] | 0.091 |
Note: CI = confidence interval.