Table 3.

Results of Pairwise Comparisons for Fundamental Frequency (F0) Among Occupation Types (Stereotypically Male, Stereotypically Female, and Gender Neutral; Bonferroni Corrected)

Age group	Occupation type (I)	Occupation type (J)	Mean difference (I – J)	SE	df	p	95% CI	Cohen’s d
Girls (n = 42)
5- to 6-year-olds
	Female	Male	13.80	5.04	115.07	.021	[1.56, 26.04]	0.46
	Female	Neutral	10.01	5.17	115.26	.17	[−2.54, 22.57]	0.33
	Neutral	Male	3.79	5.04	115.07	1.00	[−8.45, 16.03]	−0.13
7- to 8-year-olds
	Female	Male	40.79	7.32	67.06	< .001	[22.81, 58.77]	0.94
	Female	Neutral	23.86	7.41	67.11	.006	[5.67, 42.04]	0.55
	Neutral	Male	16.94	7.32	67.06	.07	[−1.05, 34.92]	−0.39
9- to 10-year-olds
	Female	Male	45.27	6.01	106.97	< .001	[30.65, 59.89]	1.61
	Female	Neutral	23.84	6.06	107.15	< .001	[9.10, 38.58]	0.85
	Neutral	Male	21.43	6.10	107.21	.002	[6.59, 36.27]	−0.76
Boys (n = 40)
5- to 6-year-olds
	Female	Male	5.82	5.79	83.16	.95	[−8.33, 19.96]	0.17
	Female	Neutral	−9.47	5.71	83.16	.30	[−23.42, 4.48]	−0.28
	Neutral	Male	15.29	5.51	83.13	.02	[1.83, 28.74]	−0.45
7- to 8-year-olds
	Female	Male	17.91	5.31	122.53	.003	[5.03, 30.80]	0.61
	Female	Neutral	20.46	5.56	123.37	.001	[6.97, 33.95]	0.02
	Neutral	Male	−2.55	5.20	122.41	1.00	[−15.18, 10.09]	0.09
9- to 10-year-olds
	Female	Male	35.36	6.49	100.11	< .001	[19.56, 51.17]	1.13
	Female	Neutral	28.92	6.40	100.03	< .001	[13.34, 44.50]	0.93
	Neutral	Male	6.44	6.49	100.11	.97	[−9.37, 22.25]	−0.21

Note: CI = confidence interval.