Table. Sample Characteristics.
| Characteristic | Finding (N = 574)a |
|---|---|
| Demographic | |
| Age at MRI, y | 69.6 (4.9) [60.6-84.4] |
| Sex, No. (%) | |
| Male | 468 (81.5) |
| Female | 106 (18.5) |
| Educational levelb | 3.54 (1.06) [1-5] |
| Activities | |
| Cognitive activity at baseline | 1.02 (0.35) [0-2.35] |
| Social activity at baseline | 1.04 (0.44) [0-2.36] |
| Global cognition | |
| MoCA score, median (IQR) [range] | 28 (26-28) [18-30] |
| MoCA score <26 | 103 (17.9) |
| MoCA score ≥26 | 471 (82.1) |
| Executive function | |
| Digit span: forward | 11.12 (2.28) [5-16] |
| Digit span: backward | 9.77 (2.44) [4-16] |
| Digit span: sequence | 10.15 (2.42) [1-16] |
| Category fluency | 22.66 (5.39) [7-40] |
| Letter fluency | 15.88 (4.45) [3-31] |
| TMT B, median (IQR) [range], sc | 57 (44-74) [24-289] |
| Memory | |
| HVLT-R | |
| Total recall | 27.88 (4.41) [11-36] |
| Delayed recall, median (IQR) [range] | 10 (8-10) [0-12] |
| RDI, median (IQR) [range] | 11 (10-11) [5-12] |
| RCF | |
| Immediate recall | 16.26 (6.36) [0-33] |
| Delayed recall | 15.92 (6.01) [0-31] |
| Recognition | 8.60 (1.87) [1-12] |
| Processing speed | |
| Digit coding score | 63.8 (12.90) [24-114] |
| RT, median (IQR) [range], msc | |
| Simple | 299.47 (272.98-334.90) [216.76-837.31] |
| Choice | 331.09 (303.62-366.74) [244.33-586.20] |
| MT, median (IQR) [range], msc | |
| Simple | 256.79 (217.75-308.62) [139.93-681.13] |
| Choice | 276.74 (238.53-327.03) [122.79-637.12] |
| TMT A, median (IQR) [range], sc | 28 (23-34) [13-92] |
| Structural MRI measures | |
| Brain volumes, % of ICV | |
| Global GM volume | 38.37 (1.94) [29.20-44.49] |
| Global WM volume | 37.85 (2.33) [31.82-44.09] |
| CSF volume | 23.79 (3.11) [16.45-35.02] |
| Global WM hyperintensities, median (IQR) [range] | 0.4 (0.29-0.51) [0.08-2.17] |
| FA | 0.48 (0.02) [0.41-0.54] |
| AD, ×103/mm2/s | 1.08 (0.02) [1.01-1.19] |
| MD, ×103/mm2/s | 0.68 (0.03) [0.61-0.80] |
| RD, ×103/mm2/s | 0.49 (0.03) [0.40-0.61] |
| Functional MRI measures | |
| Relative motion, mm | 0.17 (0.09) [0.01-0.60] |
| Intranetwork functional connectivity | |
| Anterior DMN | 18.77 (5.82) [5.99-44.58] |
| Precuneus DMN | 16.75 (5.32) [4.77-36.70] |
| Posterior DMN | 13.28 (3.49) [3.56-24.38] |
| ECN, median (IQR) [range] | 11.77 (9.41-14.49) [4.45-35.08] |
| Left FPN | 17.84 (5.02) [7.19-35.17] |
| Right FPN | 16.81 (4.33) [6.19-35.93] |
Abbreviations: AD, axial diffusivity; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; DMN, default mode network; ECN, executive control network; FA, fractional anisotropy; FPN, frontoparietal network; GM, gray matter; HVLT-R, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test Revised; ICV, intracranial volume; IQR, interquartile range; MD, mean diffusivity; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MT, movement time; RCF, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure; RD, radial diffusivity; RDI, recognition discrimination index; RT, reaction time; TMT A, Trail Making Test Part A; TMT B, Trail Making Test Part B; WM, white matter.
Data are presented as mean (SD) [range] unless otherwise indicated.
For education, the scale was as follows: 1, no qualifications; 2, O-levels or equivalent (at 16 years); 3, A-levels, college certificate, or professional qualification (at 18 years or older); 4, bachelor degree; 5, higher degree.
Raw values are reported, although scores were reverse coded for the analyses.