Table 1.
CTHRC1 regulates multiple signaling pathways to promote tumor development and metastasis.
| Disease model/cancer | Related pathway | The effect of CTHRC1 on the signal | Function | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer | Wnt/β-catenin | + | Proliferation, invasion, migration | [33] |
| TGF-β | + | Bone lesions | [90] | |
| Ovarian cancer | Integrin β3-FAK | + | Invasion, migration | [112] |
| PI3/AKT/ERK | + | Invasion, migration | [130] | |
| EOC | WNT/β-catenin | + | Invasion, migration | [88] |
| Endometrial cancer | Integrin β3/PI3K/AKT | + | TAM infiltration, invasion, migration | [55] |
| Urothelial carcinoma | Wnt/PCP | + | Invasion, migration | [99] |
| NSCLC | WntT/β-catenin | + | Invasion, migration | [27] |
| FAK/MEK/ERK | + | Invasion, migration | [41] | |
| Gastric cancer | HIF-1α/CXCR4 | + | Invasion, migration | [132] |
| GIST | Wnt/β-catenin | − | Invasion, migration | [93] |
| Wnt/PCP | + | Angiogenesis | [101] | |
| CRC | Wnt/β-catenin | + | Invasion, migration | [89] |
| TGF-β | + | Invasion, migration | [63] | |
| Erk1/2 | + | Invasion, migration | [37] | |
| MAPK/MEK/ERK | + | Invasion, migration | [23] | |
| OSSC | Wnt/β-catenin | + | CTHRC1 up | [52] |
| Wnt/PCP | + | Invasion, migration | ||
| Pancreatic cancer | Wnt/β-catenin | + | Adhesion, migration | [100] |
| Wnt/PCP | + | Angiogenesis | [54] | |
| Src-FAK | + | Migration | [77] | |
| ESCC | MEK/ERK | + | Proliferation, invasion, migration | [50] |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | PI3K/AKT/ERK | + | Proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis | [129] |
A plus sign stands for activation; a minus represents inhibition.