Table 1.

Baseline demographic and clinical data of the two groups.

Characteristics	Group A (n = 125)	Group B (n = 79)	P value
Age, years	70.8 ± 8.9	72.9 ± 9.3	0.966
Sex			0.458
Male	25	12
Female	100	67
BMD	3.04 ± 0.45	2.94 ± 0.47	0.143
VAS score	7.0 ± 1.1	7.2 ± 1.1	0.256
ODI score	30.9 ± 7.0	29.8 ± 7.3	0.285

BMD, bone mineral density; VAS, Visual Analog Scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index. Age, BMD, VAS score, and ODI score were analyzed with Student's t-test, while sex was analyzed with χ² test.