Fig. 3.

Effect of piperine (black bars), quinine (white bars), berberine (yellow bars), capsaicin (red bars), nicotine (blue bars) or curcumin (hatched bars) on growth of Acetoanaerobium sticklandii SR in vitro. Cultures were grown (24 h; 39 °C; 160 rpm) in the presence of the amount of the phytochemical indicated. Viable cell number was determined via a 10-fold dilution series in unamended growth media, incubated for 24 h at 39 °C, or until the control reached stationary phase. The viable cell number of a control with no phytochemical is indicated by the dashed line. Experiments were repeated three or more times with no variation.