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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mater Today (Kidlington). 2019 Jun 22;31:86–99. doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2019.06.003

Figure 8. Wireless magnetothermal deep brain stimulation.

Figure 8.

A. Wireless ON switch for controlled magnetothermal membrane depolarization of TRPV1+ cells. Magnetic field stimulation (“Field ON”) triggers calcium ion (Ca2+) influx by opening TRPV1. B. Scheme of wireless magnetothermal stimulation in vivo. The excitatory neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was sensitized to heat through the lentiviral delivery of TRPV1, which was followed by magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) injection. Viral transduction was verified by the expression of the reporter gene, mCherry. C and D. Neuronal excitation was quantified by the extent of activity-dependent expression of the immediate early gene c-fos. Neural activity was only triggered by the magnetic field in the VTA of mice transfected with TRPV1 in the presence of MNPs, resulting in a significantly higher proportion of c-fos+ cells. (Reproduced with permission from [158], © 2015 American Association for the Advancement of Science.)