Fig. 1.

Temporal relationship of serum creatinine (SCr) and urinary biomarkers after pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass. Time points denote hours since initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). No AKI patients who did not develop acute kidney injury (AKI) after CPB, All AKI all patients who developed AKI as defined by a ≥50% increase in SCr from baseline, Severe AKI subgroup of patients who developed AKI as defined by a ≥100% increase in SCr from baseline. NGAL Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, IL-18 interleukin 18, KIM-1 kidney injury molecule 1, L-FABP liver fatty acid binding protein, TIMP-2 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2, IGFBP7 insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7. Mean values for each marker are shown; the corresponding 95% confidence intervals are shown in Table 2. Asterisk (*) denotes significant differences at p < 0.05 between the No AKI group and the All AKI group, hashtag (#) denotes significant differences at p < 0.05 between the All AKI group and AKI patients with severe AKI