Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the intervention and control groups
| Parameter | KD group (n = 29) | SD group (n = 30) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years] | 52 (29–78) | 53 (25–68) | 0.785 |
| Body weight [kg] | 74.2 (47.5–120) | 70.0 (48.1–124.2) | 0.336 |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 28.3 (19.9–45.2) | 25.0 (18.8–43.0) | 0.157 |
| Fat mass [kg] | 30.3 (13.3–65.6) | 26.5 (12.0–69.9) | 0.208 |
| Fat free mass [kg] | 44.2 (30.8–54.4) | 43.0 (31.5–54.3) | 0.596 |
| Skeletal muscle mass [kg] | 20.5 (11.5–26.2) | 19.6 (13.2–23.8) | 0.370 |
| 50 kHz phase angle [°] | 4.98 (4.22–5.67) | 4.65 (3.72–5.88) | 0.050 |
| Estrogen receptor status | 0.423 | ||
| Positive | 27 (93.1%) | 24 (80.0%) | |
| Negative | 2 (6.9%) | 5 (16.7%) | |
| Unknown | 0 | 1 (3.3%) | |
| Progesterone receptor status | 0.530 | ||
| Positive | 24 (82.8%) | 21 (70%) | |
| Negative | 5 (17.2%) | 8 (26.7%) | |
| Unknown | 0 | 1 (3.3%) | |
| HER2/neu status | 0.790 | ||
| Positive | 11 (37.9%) | 13 (43.3%) | |
| Negative | 18 (62.1%) | 16 (53.3%) | |
| Unknown | 0 | 1 (3.3%) | |
| Affected breast | 0.435 | ||
| Left | 18 (62.1%) | 15 (50%) | |
| Right | 11 (37.9%) | 15 (50%) | |
| Smoking status | 0.265 | ||
| No | 15 | 10 | |
| Active | 4 | 8 | |
| Formerly | 10 | 12 | |
| Tobacco consumption [pack years] | 0 (0–60) | 3 (0–30) | 0.249 |
| Radiotherapy fractions | 28 (16–31) | 28 (16–31) | 0.449 |
| PTV [cm3] | 1092 (398–2091) | 999 (345–2475) | 0.383 |
| Glucose [mg/dl] | 99 (82–176) | 96 (81–113) | 0.197 |
| β-OHB [mmol/l] | 0.11 (0.01–0.45) | 0.06 (0.02–0.29) | 0.0188 |
| Insulin [mU/l] | 7.7 (2–45.6) | 8.1 (2.5–27.2) | 0.928 |
| IGF-1 [ng/ml] | 197 (45–364) | 212 (116–348) | 0.901 |
| T3 [pg/ml] | 3.13 (2.63–4.13) | 3.16 (2.04–4.5) | 0.823 |
| Global quality of life score | 66.7 (33.3–100) | 66.7 (0–100) | 0.981 |
Continuous and categorical variables are presented as median (range) and frequencies, respectively. BMI body mass index, IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor 1, KD ketogenic diet, PTV planning target volume, SD standard diet