Table 3.

Associations between exposure to household pesticides during pregnancy with growth rate in the first 6 months of life

	Model	Linear regression coefficients (95% confidence interval)
		Weight gain rate (g/day)	Length gain rate (mm/month)	HC increment (mm/month)	WLG (z-score/day)
Non-Exposed (n = 151)		Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Exposed to house hold pesticides (n = 133)	Crude	− 0.13 (− 1.05;0.79)	0.06 (− 0.10;0.22)	− 0.10 (− 0.28;0.07)	− 0.03 (− 0.31;0.25)
	Model 1	− 0.13 (− 1.05;0.79)	0.04 (− 0.12;0.20)	−0.09 (− 0.27;0.09)	−0.05 (− 0.34;0.23)
	Model 2	−0.20 (− 1.17;0.77)	0.03 (− 0.14;0.19)	−0.08 (− 0.27;0.10)	−0.06 (− 0.35;0.24)
Exposed to mosquito insecticides only (n = 87)	Crude	−0.03 (− 1.02;0.96)	0.10 (− 0.06;0.27)	−0.12 (− 0.31;0.08)	0.005 (− 0.296;0.306)
	Model 1	− 0.01 (− 1.02;0.99)	0.09 (− 0.08;0.25)	−0.10 (− 0.30;0.10)	0.007 (− 0.298;0.312)
	Model 2	− 0.004 (− 1.04;1.03)	0.07 (− 0.10;0.24)	−0.10 (− 0.30;0.10)	0.007 (− 0.307;0.321)
Exposed to pesticides other than mosquito insecticides (n = 15)	Crude	0.39 (−1.59;2.38)	0.02 (− 0.31;0.35)	−0.29 (− 0.68;0.10)	0.12 (− 0.48;0.74)
	Model 1	0.21 (− 1.79;2.21)	− 0.01 (− 0.34;0.32)	−0.28 (− 0.68;0.11)	0.06 (− 0.55;0.67)
	Model 2	0.22 (− 1.81;2.25)	− 0.01 (− 0.35;0.32)	−0.29 (− 0.68;0.11)	0.07 (− 0.55;0.68)
Exposed to both mosquito insecticides and other pesticides (n = 31)	Crude	0.03 (−1.39;1.44)	− 0.09 (− 0.32;0.15)	0.12 (− 0.16;0.39)	−0.03 (− 0.43;0.43)
	Model 1	−0.12 (− 1.15;1.31)	−0.12 (− 0.20;0.05)	0.14 (− 0.14;0.42)	−0.05 (− 0.49;0.38)
	Model 2	−0.03(− 1.54;1.47)	−0.17 (− 0.20;0.05)	0.17 (− 0.12;0.47)	−0.03 (− 0.49;0.43)

Model 1: adjusted for SES and mother’s age at pregnancy

Model 2: adjusted for SES, mother’s age at pregnancy, breastfed for 6 months, house hold SHS exposure, water sources, fuel sources, garbage burning, and usage of open vehicle