Table 2.

Associations of antimicrobial (AM) prescriptions (all AMs, and for amoxicillin, azithromycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate and phenoxymethylpenicillin AMs separately) with alpha-diversity, using the Shannon index and inverse Simpson index, in all the participants and separately in boys and girls using linear regression analysis

	Prescriptions of	All participants				Boys				Girls
		n	Estimate	SE	p	n	Estimate	SE	p	n	Estimate	SE	p
Shannon	All AMs	5996	− 0.003	0.002	0.137	2957	− 0.005	0.002	0.045	3039	− 0.001	0.003	0.648
	Amoxicillin	2622	0.002	0.004	0.685	1280	− 0.007	0.005	0.186	1342	0.011	0.006	0.079
	Azithromycin	1495	− 0.015	0.005	0.002	783	− 0.003	0.006	0.623	712	− 0.032	0.008	< 0.001
	Amoxicillin-clavulanate	1123	0.003	0.005	0.471	531	− 0.005	0.007	0.509	592	0.011	0.007	0.093
	Phenoxymethylpenicillin	408	0.004	0.011	0.673	199	− 0.002	0.014	0.895	209	0.014	0.015	0.378
Inverse Simpson	All AMs	5996	− 0.013	0.020	0.500	2957	− 0.038	0.026	0.147	3039	0.006	0.029	0.848
	Amoxicillin	2622	0.007	0.045	0.876	1280	− 0.053	0.060	0.379	1342	0.066	0.068	0.328
	Azithromycin	1495	− 0.077	0.052	0.143	783	− 0.024	0.063	0.705	712	− 0.159	0.087	0.067
	Amoxicillin-clavulanate	1123	0.016	0.054	0.770	531	− 0.066	0.078	0.393	592	0.080	0.075	0.282
	Phenoxymethylpenicillin	408	0.077	0.118	0.513	199	0.042	0.158	0.791	209	0.135	0.174	0.439

Significant results in bold

Adjusted for age, gender (not in gender-specific analysis) and language. SE Std. error, n number of AM prescriptions