Table V.
Risk-adjusted odds of being a high cost outlier after pancreaticoduodenectomy*
| OR | 95% CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, (per year) | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 |
| Male sex | 1.17 | 1.03 | 1.33 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.11 |
| Malignant pathology | 0.83 | 0.68 | 1.01 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White (reference) | |||
| Black | 1.40 | 1.12 | 1.76 |
| Hispanic | 1.79 | 1.43 | 2.25 |
| Other | 1.32 | 1.06 | 1.64 |
| Insurance type | |||
| Private (reference) | |||
| Medicare | 1.36 | 1.13 | 1.64 |
| Medicaid | 1.19 | 0.92 | 1.53 |
| Other | 1.27 | 0.88 | 1.83 |
| Surgical approach | |||
| Open (reference) | |||
| Laparoscopic | 1.01 | 0.81 | 1.26 |
| Annual hospital PD volume, (terciles) | |||
| Low (1–16) | 2.36 | 1.91 | 2.91 |
| Moderate to high (17–127) | 1.49 | 1.23 | 1.82 |
| Very high (>127) (reference) | |||
*
High cost defined as overall 90-day hospital costs greater than the 75th percentile.