. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 21.

Published in final edited form as: Contemp Educ Psychol. 2018 Sep 26;55:120–128. doi: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2018.09.007

Table 1.

Means, standard deviations, and correlations among all measures.

	Measures	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Fall
1	Grit	3.60	0.68
2	Mastery goal-structure	4.02	0.70	0.26>^***
3	Performance goal-structure	2.46	0.98	−0.20^***	−0.32^***
4	Standardized GPA	0.00	1.00	0.64^***	0.10^**	−0.11^***
Spring
5	Grit	3.46	0.77	0.76^***	0.24^***	−0.20^***	0.65^***
6	Mastery goal-structure	3.63	0.90	0.22^***	0.49^***	−0.25^***	0.11^**	0.31^***
7	Performance goal-structure	2.93	1.06	−0.20^***	−0.27^***	0.50^***	−0.12^***	−0.24^***	−0.44^***
8	Standardized GPA	0.00	1.00	0.58^***	0.08^*	−0.11^**	0.78^***	0.68^***	0.12^***	−0.15^***
Demographics
7	Female	49%		0.14^***	0.01	−0.02	0.20^***	0.14^***	−0.03	−0.02	0.20^***
8	African American	53%		−0.17^***	0.04	0.12^***	−0.15^***	−0.21^***	0.03	0.12^***	−0.14^***
9	Caucasian	28%		0.07^*	−0.05	−0.13^***	0.07^*	0.09^**	−0.08^*	−0.05	0.06^*
10	Hispanic	12%		0.05	0.03	0.03	−0.02	0.08^**	0.06^*	−0.09^**	0.01
11	Asian	6%		0.16	<0.01	−0.04	0.20^***	0.16^***	0.01	−0.04	0.16^***
12	Multiracial	1%		<−0.01	−0.06	0.02	0.01	−0.02	−0.06^*	0.03	<0.01
13	Free Reduced Lunch	64%		−0.13^***	−0.02	0.10^**	−0.11^***	−0.15^***	0.01	0.02	−0.12^***

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.