Table 2.
Mean comparisons by parenting type at time 2.
| Comparison (n = 907) |
Developmental Group (n = 108) |
Mental Health Group (n = 86) |
Significance Test |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ||
| Predictor Variables | |||||||
| Parent's Age (years) | 63.47 | 11.24 | 62.43 | 11.61 | 68.50 | 10.81 | F = 8.70***b,c |
| Parent's Sex (1 = female) | .46 | .64 | .67 | F = 13.09***a,b | |||
| Demographic Variables | |||||||
| Race (non-Hispanic white = 1) | .92 | .88 | .92 | F = 1.06 | |||
| Education (years) | 14.71 | 2.61 | 14.31 | 2.66 | 14.78 | 2.92 | F = 1.20 |
| Income (thousands of $) | 100.49 | 75.15 | 87.24 | 75.18 | 69.67 | 57.84 | F = 7.13***b |
| Employment Status | .46 | .44 | .17b,c | F = 13.11***b,c | |||
| Marital Status | .78 | .70 | .57b | F = 10.80***b | |||
| Number of Children | 2.65 | 1.31 | 3.57 | 2.61 | 2.88 | 1.66 | F = 18.02***a |
| Co-resident Children | .48 | .86 | .73 | 1.38 | .35 | .63 | F = 4.91**c |
| Condition-Related Variables | |||||||
| Multiple disabled children | .13 | .14 | t192 = −0.20 | ||||
| Child co-resides with parent | .19 | .20 | t192 = −0.22 | ||||
| Duration of Condition | 29.58 | 14.01 | 22.76 | 9.48 | t179 = 3.72***c | ||
| Target child age | 34.15 | 12.84 | 41.22 | 11.15 | t165 = −3.74***c | ||
| Target child sex (1 = female) | .29 | .48 | t192 = −2.76**c | ||||
| Outcome Variables | |||||||
| Negative Affect, Time 1 | 8.38 | 2.74 | 10.17 | 4.25 | 9.48 | 3.46 | F = 20.91***a,b |
| Negative Affect, Time 2 | 8.13 | 2.83 | 9.93 | 4.53 | 9.34 | 3.73 | F = 19.86***a,b |
| Well-Being, Time 1 | 234.54 | 32.59 | 223.30 | 39.91 | 228.94 | 38.53 | F = 6.00**a |
| Well-Being, Time 2 | 232.78 | 33.24 | 224.12 | 33.66 | 225.39 | 39.98 | F = 4.61*a |
| Somatic Symptoms, Time 1 | 2.85 | 1.75 | 3.61 | 1.92 | 3.54 | 1.87 | F = 12.79***a,b |
| Somatic Symptoms, Time 2 | 3.08 | 1.81 | 3.75 | 1.85 | 3.52 | 1.91 | F = 8.54***a,d |
Note. M = Mean; SD = Standard Deviation; A Group x Time ANOVA was conducted for the Outcome Variables; F-values reported here are within-timepoint; One-Way ANOVAs were conducted for all other variables; Dunnett's T3 Tests were used to probe specific effects and account for unequal variance between groups; two-tailed significance tests were used with an alpha level of 0.05; total degrees of freedom for F-tests ranged from 1,016 to 1,098.
Indicates a significant mean difference between the Comparison and Developmental groups.
Indicates a significant difference between the Comparison and Mental Health groups.
Indicates a significant difference between the Developmental and Mental Health groups.
Indicates a difference between Time 1 and Time 2 scores across groups.