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. 2020 Jul 1;108(3):389–397. doi: 10.5195/jmla.2020.824

Table 3.

Comparison of retracted publications that are cited or uncited post-retraction

Cited after retraction (n=84) Not cited after retraction (n=52) p
n (%) n (%)
Reason for retraction
 Ethical misconduct 53 (63.1%) 27 (51.9%) p=0.405
 Scientific distortion 22 (26.2%) 15 (28.8%)
 Unknown 5 (6.0%) 4 (7.7%)
 Administrative error 4 (4.8%) 6 (11.5%)
Study design
 Observational 25 (29.8%) 10 (19.2%) p=0.014
 In vitro 19 (22.6%) 6 (11.5%)
 Case report 13 (15.5%) 12 (23.1%)
 RCTs 12 (14.3%) 3 (5.8%)
 Expert opinion 11 (13.1%) 9 (17.3%)
 Animal study 4 (4.8%) 8 (15.4%)
 Other 0 (-) 3 (5.8%)
 Unknown 0 (-) 1 (1.9%)