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Reason for retraction and the nature of citations
| Nature of citation | Reason for retraction | p | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Administrative error (n=33) | Ethical misconduct (n=295) | Scientific distortion (n=337) | Unknown (n=20) | Total | ||||||
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |||
| Positive | 22 | (4.6%) | 199 | (41.9%) | 241 | (50.7%) | 13 | (2.7%) | 475 | 0.0004 |
| Neutral | 11 | (6.4%) | 89 | (51.4%) | 66 | (38.2%) | 7 | (4.0%) | 173 | |
| Negative | 0 | (-) | 7 | (18.9%) | 30 | (81.1%) | 0 | (-) | 37 | |
