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. 2020 Aug 18;8:e9757. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9757

Table 1. Characteristics of the study participants, by gender.

Variable Total (mean ± SD) Male (mean ± SD) Female (mean ± SD) P value
N = 2,295 N = 1,306 N = 989
Age (years) 48.47 ± 10.22 47.76 ± 9.92 49.4 ± 9.33 0.0001
BMI 24.80 ± 3.3 25.57 ± 3.14 23.79 ± 3.24 <0.001
SBP (mmHg) 124.65 ± 16.54 126.54 ± 15.09 122.13 ± 17.98 <0.001
DBP (mmHg) 78.13 ± 11.35 80.88 ± 11.24 74.5 ± 10.45 <0.001
Educational attainment (%)
<College graduation 365 (15.9%) 275 (21.1%) 90 (9.1%)
College graduation 1481 (64.5%) 955 (73.1%) 526 (53.2%) <0.001
>College graduation 449 (19.6%) 76 (5.8%) 373 (37.7%)
Physical Activity (%)
Never 251 (10.9%) 161 (12.3%) 90 (9.1%)
Occasionally 560 (24.4%) 304 (23.3%) 256 (25.9%)
Frequently 1,484 (64.7%) 841 (64.4%) 643 (65.0%) 0.04
Smoking Status (%)
Quit 101 (4.4%) 93 (7.1%) 8 (0.8%)
Never 1423 (62.0%) 548 (42.0%) 875 (88.5%)
Occasionally 207 (9.0%) 170 (13.0%) 37 (3.7%) <0.001
Frequently 564 (24.6%) 495 (37.9%) 69 (7.0%)
History of Hypertension (%) 246 (10.7%) 150 (11.5%) 96 (9.7%) <0.001
HDL (mmol/L) 1.58 ± 0.4 1.43 ± 0.35 1.77 ± 0.39 <0.001
LDL (mmol/L) 3.00 ± 0.88 3.01 ± 0.88 2.98 ± 0.89 0.54
ApoA1 (g/L) 1.51 ± 0.28 1.43 ± 0.26 1.62 ± 0.27 <0.001
Right baPWV (cm/s) 1,388.01 ± 278.2 1,412.51 ± 261.31 1,355.66 ± 296.09
Left baPWV (cm/s) 1,390.95 ± 277.03 1,413.07 ± 257.73 1,361.72 ± 298.24
baPWV (cm/s) 1,389.48 ± 273.5 1,412.79 ± 255.13 1,358.69 ± 293.34 <0.001
Arterial stiffness 953 (41.56%) 585 (44.79%) 350 (35.39%) <0.001

Note:

Values for categorical variables are presented as number (percentage); Values for continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD.