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. 2020 Aug 18;8:e9678. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9678

Table 1. Repertoire of feeding behaviours.

Blow, Search behaviours, Trunk to mouth, Contact to mouth and Drink behaviours were removed from the analysis. Pinch, Grasp, Bundling and Block behaviours are reported in Racine (1980), in which Bundling is called Cradling and vary a little bit in the observed uses.

Behaviour Description
Pinch Catch little items between the fingers of the trunk. Can be helped by a breath
Side pinch Catch little items between the fingers of the trunk laying down on one side. Taking the item from the side. Can be helped by a breath
Blow Exhalation around an item, usually to clear lightweight elements like hay or sand
Grasp Wrap the trunk around a big item, which would be difficult to maintain with one finger. Potential side preference
Torsion/Pressure Wrap and torsion of the trunk by creating a pressure point, usually to break a branch
Bundling Compact an item on the ventral part of the trunk once or several times before pinching it and bringing it to the mouth
Shake Shake vigorously a pinch held in the trunk
Sweep Sweep with the side of the trunk to gather items before catching them. Potential side preference
Gather Gather or bring back items with the end of the trunk or just the fingers. Potential side preference
Pull Pull an item to break it or separate from the others
Search on the ground Separate items in a pile with the end of the trunk in order to select and sample only a part
Search in height Separate items in a net in height with the end of the trunk in order to select and sample only a part
Search in a box Separate items in an enrichment box with the end of the trunk in order to select and sample only a part
Trunk to mouth Trunk brought to the mouth without providing or removing items
Adjust Adapt the position of an item going out of the mouth, usually a branch
Contact to mouth Brief touch of the mouth with the end of the trunk
Drink Water suction and releasing into the mouth, trunk high-positioned
Bring to mouth Bring a bite to the mouth in order to eat it
Block Wedge an item between the trunk and a tusk, to keep it from others or to manipulate it