Table 1.
Technical targets for PEMFCs from DOE (USA), NEDO (Japan), FCH JU (EU), and MOST (China).
| Parameter | DOE (USA) |
Assessments related to DOE (USA) –Targets [43] | NEDO (Japan) |
FCH JU (Europe) |
MOST (China) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 [42] | Ultimate Targets [42] | 2020 [44] | 2030 [44] | 2020 [41] | 2030 [41] | 2020 [45] | 2030 [45] | ||
| Peak power efficiency (%) | 65 | 70 | – | 60 | – | 55 | – | 60 | 65 |
| Power density (W L−1) | 650 | 850 | 3000 (2035) | 4000 | 6000 | 7300 | 10,000 | 3000 | 4000 |
| Cold start-up temperature (°C) | −30 | −30 | – | −30 | – | −25 | – | −30 | −40 |
| Durability (h) | 5000 | 8000 | 8000 (2050) | >15 years | >15 years | 5000 | 7000 | 5000 | 8000 |
| H2 Filling pressure (MPa) | 70 | – | – | 70 | – | 70 | – | 70 | 70 |
| Cost (per kW) | $ 40 | $ 30 | $ 30 (2050) | < ¥800 | < ¥400 | € 60 | € 40 | RMB 1000 | RMB 150 |