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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Contemp Educ Psychol. 2020 Jul 15;62:101896. doi: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101896

Table 2.

Performance on all measures by grade, with independent sample-t-test by grade

Possible Raw Score 2nd
M (SD)
5th
M (SD)
t p
Range n = 200 n = 149 df = 348
Spatial Relations 0-81 64.33 (6.85) 69.26 (5.99) 7.03 <.001
Block Design 0-68 32.58 (12.04) 42.79 (11.81) 7.92 <.001
Matrix Reasoning 3-35 20.51 (4.87) 24.75 (4.29) 8.48 <.001
Spatial/Block/Matrix composite NA −0.34(0.80) .45 (.72) 9.50 <.001
Auditory working memory 0-45 19.9 (5.28) 25.27 (5.26) 9.44 <.001
Mathematics Fluency 0-160 44.51 (15.91) 75.32 (21.62) 15.38 <.001
Calculation 0-45 13.43 (3.83) 23.15 (4.93) 20.80 <.001
Number Line PAE 0-1 0.27 (0.09) 0.11 (0.08) 15.50 <.001
Fraction Comparison Accuracy 0-1 0.84 (0.13) 0.93 (0.08) 7.00 <.001
FKA Score 0-1 0.63 (0.21) 0.56 (0.26) 2.58 0.01
TORR Jr. Analogy 0-8 3.7 (1.96) 5.37 (1.63) 7.82 <.001