TABLE 1.
Characteristics of good- and fair-quality trials that investigated the effect of zinc supplementation on anthropometric and body composition measures in adults and were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis1
| Authors | Participants (n), sex | Mean age (y) | Country | Health status of subjects | Zinc deficiency | Outcomes | Zinc type (zinc dosage in mg/d) | Duration (wk) | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afkhami-Ardekani et al. (41) | 40, M/F | 52.6 | Iran | T2DM | NM | BMI | Zinc sulfate (660) | 6 | No significant change |
| Aquilani et al. (42) | 26, M/F | 74 (int) 72 (cont) | Italy | Ischemic strokes | NM | Weight, BMI | Zinc sulfate (10)2 | 4 | Significant change in weight |
| Argani et al. (52) | 60, M/F | 55.6 (int)55.6 (cont) | Iran | Hemodialysis | NM | Weight, BMI, BF%, FFM | Zinc sulfate (440) | 8 | Significant increase in BMI and weight in male |
| Ashghari et al. (53) | 60, M/F | 45.8 | Iran | T2DM and obese | NM | BMI, weight, WHR | Zinc gluconate (30) | 12 | No significant change |
| Birmingham et al. (37) | 35, F | 20.6 (int)23.8 (cont) | Colombia | Anorexia nervosa | NM | Weight | Zinc gluconate (100) | 6 | No significant change |
| Black et al. (44) | 22, M | 21.3 (int)21.1 (int)22.4 (cont) | United States | Healthy | NM | Weight | Zinc gluconate (373 and 560) | 12 | No significant change |
| Dias et al. (65) | 54, M/F | 62 | Brazil | Atherosclerosis | NM | BMI, WC | Zinc bis-glycine (30)2 | 16 | Significant reduction in WC in int group |
| Foroozanfard et al. (38) | 52, F | 24.7 (int)25.7 (cont) | Iran | PCOS | NM | Weight | Zinc sulfate (220) | 8 | No significant change |
| Ghaemmaghami et al. (39) | 39, M/F | 58 (int)52 (cont) | Iran | Hemodialysis | NM | Weight, BMI, BF%, FFM | Zinc sulfate (440) | 8 | No significant change |
| Jamilian and Zolfi (54) | 52, F | 24.7 (int)25.7 (cont) | Iran | PCOS | NM | Weight, BMI | Zinc sulfate (220) | 8 | No significant change |
| Jamilian et al. (43) | 48, F | — | Iran | PCOS | NM | Weight, BMI, WC, HC | Zinc sulfate (220) | 8 | No significant change |
| Kim and Ahn (55) | 40, F | 20.8 (int)20.8 (cont) | South Korea | Obesity | NM | Weight, BMI, BF% | Zinc gluconate (30)2 | 8 | Significant increase in BF% in cont group |
| Kim and Lee (74) | 40, F | 20.8 (int)20.8 (cont) | South Korea | Obesity | NM | BMI, weight, WC, HC, WHR | Zinc gluconate (30)2 | 8 | No significant change |
| Lin et al. (64) | 97, M/F | 50 (int)51 (cont) | Taiwan | Head and neck cancers | NM | Weight | Zinc gluconate (75)2 | 8 | No significant change |
| Mahdaviroshan et al. (56) | 60, F | 59.5 (int)56.6 (cont) | Iran | Postmenopausal osteoporotic | NM | Weight, BMI | Zinc sulfate (220) | 8 | No significant change |
| Mahmoodianfard et al. (66) | 28, F | 44.7 (int)47.8 (cont) | Iran | Hypothyroid | NM | BMI | Zinc gluconate (30)2 | 12 | No significant change |
| Marreiro et al. (57) | 56, F | 35.5 (int)33.9 (cont) | Brazil | Obesity | NM | BMI, weight, WC, WHR, BF% | Zinc aminochelate (30) | 4 | No significant change |
| Mazani et al. (67) | 65, M/F | 52.7 | Iran | Hemodialysis | NM | BMI | Zinc sulfate (440) | 8 | No significant change |
| Momen-Heravi et al. (58) | 60, M/F | 58.3 (int)60 (cont) | Iran | T2DM | NM | Weight, BMI | Zinc sulfate (220) | 12 | No significant change |
| Pakasi et al. (68) | 140, M/F | 30.9 (int)31.4 (cont) | Indonesia | Pulmonary tuberculosis | NM | BMI, BF%, MUAC | Zinc sulfate (15)2 | 24 | Significant increase in anthropometrics measures in int group |
| Payahoo et al. (59) | 60, M/F | 31 (int)33 (cont) | Iran | Obesity | NM | Weight, BMI, WC | Zinc gluconate (30) | 4 | Significant decrease in body weight, BMI, and WC |
| Pérez et al. (60) | 28, M/F | 55 (int)56 (cont) | Chile | T2DM | NM | Weight, BMI | Zinc sulfate (30)2 | 48 | No significant change |
| Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi et al. (61) | 60, F | 27.1 (int)26.9 (cont) | Iran | PCOS | NM | BMI, weight, WC, HC, WHR | Zinc sulfate (50)2 | 8 | No significant change |
| Ranasinghe et al. (69) | 138, M/F | 51.9 (int)51.7 (cont) | Sri Lanka | Prediabetes | NM | BMI, WC, HC, WHR | Elemental (20) | 48 | No significant change |
| Ranjbar et al. (62) | 38, M/F | 37 (int)37.5 (cont) | Iran | Depression | NM | Weight, BMI | Zinc sulfate (25) | 12 | No significant change |
| Rashidi et al. (63) | 55, M/F | 56.4 (int)59 (cont) | Iran | Hemodialysis | D | Weight, BMI | Zinc sulfate (220) | 6 | No significant change |
| Venneria et al. (45) | 73, M/F | 74.5 (int)75.1 (int)74 (cont) | Italy | Healthy | NM | Weight, BMI | Zinc gluconate (15 and 30)2 | 24 | Significant decrease in body weight in cont group |
1
BF%, body fat percentage; cont, control group; D, deficient; FFM, fat-free mass; HC, hip circumference; int, intervention group; MUAC, midupper arm circumference; NM, not mentioned; PCOS, polycystic ovarian syndrome; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.
2
Elemental zinc.