TABLE 3.
Summary of prospective cohort studies reporting on associations between dried fruit intake and cancer risk1
| Author, year (ref), study | Outcome | Cohort/cases | Fruit type | Intake frequency | Adjusted relative risk (95% CI) | Adjusted factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Botterweck, 2001 (49), NLCS | Stomach cancer incidence | 120,852/282 | Dried fruitTotal fruit | Continuous variables, per 25 g/d | 0.54 (0.13, 2.23)0.98 (0.96, 1.01) | Age, sex, smoking, education, stomach disorders, history of stomach cancer, total vegetable consumption |
| Mills, 1988 (43), AHS-1 | Pancreatic cancer deaths | 34,198/40 | Raisins, dates, other dried fruit | < 1/wk1–2/wk | 10.47 (0.19, 1.15) | Age, sex |
| ≥ 3/wk | 0.35 (0.17, 0.73) | |||||
| P-trend = 0.009 | ||||||
| Tantamango, 2011 (46), AHS-1 and AHS-2 | Colorectal polyps incidence | 2818/441 | Dried fruit | < 1/wk1–2/wk | 10.77 (0.59, 1.01) | Age, sex, BMI |
| ≥ 3/wk | 0.76 (0.58, 0.98) | |||||
| P-trend = 0.03 | ||||||
| Fresh noncitrus fruit | < 1/wk | 1 | ||||
| 1–2/wk | 0.85 (0.63, 1.17) | |||||
| ≥ 3/wk | 0.82 (0.62, 1.08) | |||||
| P-trend = 0.18 | ||||||
| Zeegers, 2001 (48), NLCS | Urothelial cancer incidence | 120,852/569 | Raisins, other dried fruit | Continuous variables, per 25 g/d | 0.37 (0.10, 1.43) | Age, sex, number of cigarettes per day, years of smoking, total vegetable consumption |
| Total fruit | 0.99 (0.96, 1.01) | |||||
| Mills, 1989 (44), AHS-1 | Prostate cancer incidence | 14,000/180 | Raisins, dates, other dried fruit | < 1/wk1–4/wk | 10.96 (0.68, 1.36) | Age |
| ≥ 5/wk | 0.51 (0.31, 0.85) | |||||
| P-trend = 0.01 | ||||||
| Fresh noncitrus fruit | < 1/wk | 1 | ||||
| 1–4/wk | 0.79 (0.52, 1.19) | |||||
| ≥ 5/wk | 0.78 (0.50, 1.20) | |||||
| P-trend = 0.45 | ||||||
| Schuurman, 1998 (47), NLCS | PCa incidence | 58,279/642 | Raisins, other dried fruit | Continuous variables, per 25 g/d | 0.52 (0.20, 1.39) | Age, family history of PCa, socioeconomic status, total vegetable consumption |
| Total fruit | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | |||||
| Fraser, 1991 (45), AHS-1 | Lung cancer incidence | 34,198/61 | Raisins, dates, other dried fruit | < 3/wk≥ 3/wk | 10.89 (0.50, 1.60) | Age, sex, smoking |
| Fresh noncitrus fruit | < 3/wk | 1 | ||||
| ≥ 3/wk | 0.73 (0.43, 1.26) | |||||
| Farvid, 2019 (50), NHS-1 and NHS-2 | Breast cancer incidence | 182,145/7,4642/1,7943 | Prunes | Continuous variables, per 2 servings/wk or per 2 servings/d | 1.02 (0.97, 1.08) 20.94 (0.81, 1.08) 3 | Age, family history of breast cancer, height, smoking, BMI, physical activity, alcohol, total energy, fiber consumption, and more |
| Total fruit | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) 2 | |||||
| 0.90 (0.79, 1.03) 3 | ||||||
| Colditz, 1985 (42), Massachusetts Health Care Panel Study | Cancer deaths | 1184/42 | Dried fruits | < 1/wk≥ 1/wk | 10.6 (0.3, 1.4) | Age |
1AHS, Adventist Health Study; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; NLCS, Netherlands Cohort Study; NPC, nasopharyngeal cancer; PCa, prostate cancer; ref, reference.
2Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
3Estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer.