Table 3.
Results From Multivariable Logistic Regression of the Association of Redeemed Prescriptions of Psychotropic Drugs With Abnormal ECGs Among Patients With Schizophrenia Only
| Abnormal ECG | LVH | AF | 1° AV Block | RCD | LCD | IVCD | QTc Prolongation | Pathological Q Waves | ST-T Deviations | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antipsychotics |
1.20
(1.04–1.39) |
0.99 (0.73–1.35) |
0.63 (0.20–2.00) |
0.79 (0.42–1.47) |
1.21 (0.76–1.93) |
1.07 (0.65–1.78) |
1.62 (0.58–4.50) |
0.73 (0.47–1.14) |
1.10 (0.78–1.56) |
0.82 (0.53–1.26) |
| Antipsychotic polypharmacy |
1.29
(1.13–1.48) |
1.03 (0.75–1.40) |
0.86 (0.27–2.71) |
0.57 (0.30–1.10) |
1.58
(1.07–2.33) |
1.62
(1.04–2.52) |
1.16 (0.53–2.55) |
1.18 (0.80–1.73) |
1.26 (0.92–1.74) |
0.68 (0.42–1.09) |
| Low-potency FGAs |
1.26
(1.07–1.48) |
0.81 (0.54–1.23) |
0.99 (0.23–4.22) |
1.01 (0.49–2.10) |
1.11 (0.68–1.82) |
1.17 (0.67–2.05) |
2.11 (0.92–4.85) |
1.50 (0.98–2.30) |
1.44 (0.99–2.09) |
0.76 (0.42–1.38) |
| Mid-potency FGAs |
1.21
(1.02–1.42) |
1.08 (0.75–1.55) |
1.53 (0.51–4.64) |
1.25 (0.68–2.31) |
1.03 (0.63–1.68) |
1.62 (0.99–2.66) |
0.66 (0.20–2.14) |
1.54 (1.00–2.39) |
0.79 (0.53–1.18) |
1.18 (0.72–1.93) |
| High-potency FGAs | 1.09 (0.85–1.39) |
1.16 (0.69–1.96) |
0.87 (0.10–7.64) |
0.41 (0.12–1.42) |
1.48 (0.77–2.84) |
0.93 (0.40–2.15) |
1.08 (0.24–4.84) |
1.47 (0.81–2.67) |
1.93
(1.22–3.03) |
0.84 (0.35–2.00) |
| Amisulpride | 0.94 (0.56–1.57) |
2.32 (0.94–5.71) |
NA | NA | 0.62 (0.08–4.72) |
1.01 (0.13–7.77) |
NA | 0.89 (0.20–4.00) |
0.34 (0.04–2.69) |
NA |
| Aripiprazole |
0.73
(0.59–0.90) |
1.11 (0.71–1.72) |
0.22 (0.01–5.11) |
0.45 (0.14–1.46) |
0.87 (0.47–1.64) |
0.54 (0.22–1.30) |
0.43 (0.09–1.94) |
0.33
(0.14–0.80) |
0.42
(0.21–0.85) |
0.34
(0.13–0.87) |
| Clozapine |
2.08
(1.73–2.51) |
0.55
(0.31–0.97) |
1.31 (0.19–8.80) |
0.45 (0.13–1.60) |
3.08
(1.97–4.81) |
2.87
(1.68–4.91) |
1.41 (0.51–3.92) |
1.17 (0.68–2.01) |
1.72
(1.13–2.62) |
0.56 (0.25–1.25) |
| Olanzapine | 1.07 (0.92–1.25) |
1.25 (0.90–1.74) |
1.32 (0.40–4.30) |
1.25 (0.67–2.34) |
0.84 (0.52–1.37) |
1.01 (0.60–1.72) |
1.56 (0.70–3.47) |
0.81 (0.51–1.28) |
1.10 (0.77–1.58) |
1.12 (0.69–1.81) |
| Paliperidone | 0.72 (0.46–1.12) |
0.86 (0.33–2.28) |
NA | NA |
2.47
(1.03–5.94) |
0.46 (0.06–3.49) |
NA | 0.49 (0.11–2.22) |
0.51 (0.15–1.78) |
0.74 (0.17–3.23) |
| Quetiapine |
0.82
(0.68–0.99) |
1.03 (0.68–1.56) |
0.49 (0.06–4.16) |
1.03 (0.49–2.20) |
0.71 (0.38–1.31) |
0.53 (0.24–1.19) |
0.67 (0.20–2.20) |
0.75 (0.43–1.31) |
0.92 (0.59–1.45) |
0.92 (0.50–1.69) |
| Risperidone | 0.96 (0.80–1.15) |
0.96 (0.65–1.42) |
0.46 (0.12–1.81) |
0.77 (0.37–1.61) |
1.01 (0.59–1.74) |
1.81
(1.09–3.00) |
0.72 (0.21–2.48) |
0.59 (0.32–1.08) |
0.81 (0.52–1.26) |
0.94 (0.53–1.64) |
| Sertindole | 1.39 (0.82–2.37) |
0.54 (0.07–4.08) |
NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
13.47
(5.84–31.06) |
3.58
(1.29–9.94) |
1.23 (0.16–9.37) |
| Ziprasidone | 0.89 (0.62–1.28) |
0.77 (0.29–2.02) |
NA | NA | 0.74 (0.21–2.63) |
0.31 (0.04–2.66) |
0.99 (0.10–9.58) |
0.66 (0.18–2.35) |
1.16 (0.48–2.81) |
1.11 (0.35–3.54) |
| Antidepressants | 0.93 (0.81–1.07) |
0.66
(0.48–0.92) |
1.88 (0.63–5.59) |
1.48 (0.84–2.60) |
1.16 (0.77–1.73) |
1.00 (0.62–1.61) |
1.68 (0.78–3.62) |
1.49
(1.02–2.19) |
0.90 (0.65–1.25) |
0.95 (0.61–1.49) |
| SSRIs | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) |
0.74 (0.50–1.08) |
2.49 (0.79–7.89) |
1.19 (0.62–2.26) |
0.82 (0.50–1.35) |
1.15 (0.68–1.95) |
1.29 (0.54–3.10) |
1.67
(1.11–2.51) |
0.71 (0.47–1.07) |
1.06 (0.64–1.75) |
| TCAs | 1.16 (0.88–1.52) |
0.84 (0.43–1.63) |
1.31 (0.15–11.30) |
1.74 (0.64–4.76) |
2.28
(1.21–4.31) |
0.95 (0.34–2.70) |
5.10
(1.90–13.68) |
1.10 (0.51–2.37) |
1.08 (0.58–2.05) |
0.99 (0.39–2.56) |
| SNRIs |
0.75
(0.57–0.99) |
0.51 (0.23–1.14) |
NA | 0.65 (0.14–2.92) |
1.22 (0.54–2.72) |
0.98 (0.35–2.76) |
1.15 (0.23–5.76) |
1.04 (0.46–2.33) |
1.11 (0.57–2.13) |
1.31 (0.57–2.97) |
| NaSSAs | 1.00 (0.76–1.31) |
0.98 (0.54–1.79) |
1.50 (0.16–14.29) |
1.55 (0.61–3.97) |
0.97 (0.42–2.22) |
1.08 (0.43–2.68) |
0.98 (0.21–4.67) |
1.14 (0.58–2.26) |
1.14 (0.63–2.08) |
0.81 (0.31–2.10) |
| Lithium | 1.35 (0.90–2.03) |
1.41 (0.60–3.30) |
NA | 0.58 (0.06–5.77) |
2.05 (0.77–5.46) |
1.68 (0.48–5.85) |
3.83 (0.83–17.74) |
1.67 (0.58–4.76) |
1.37 (0.56–3.38) |
1.63 (0.48–5.54) |
| Benzodiazepines |
1.15
(1.01–1.32) |
0.94 (0.69–1.27) |
1.07 (0.35–3.28) |
0.86 (0.48–1.54) |
1.09 (0.73–1.64) |
0.91 (0.57–1.45) |
1.02 (0.47–2.20) |
1.92
(1.31–2.81) |
0.97 (0.70–1.34) |
0.73 (0.47–1.14) |
| Other QT-prolonging drugs | 0.94 (0.80–1.12) |
1.08 (0.75–1.56) |
0.81 (0.19–3.44) |
1.56 (0.86–2.85) |
0.88 (0.52–1.49) |
1.11 (0.64–1.90) |
0.43 (0.11–1.72) |
1.90
(1.25–2.88) |
1.01 (0.69–1.49) |
1.13 (0.68–1.89) |
Note: AF, atrial fibrillation or flutter; AV, atrioventricular; CI, confidence interval; ECG, electrocardiogram; FGA, first-generation antipsychotic; IVCD, intraventricular conduction disturbance; LCD, left conduction disturbance; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; NA, not available; NaSSA, noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant; OR, odds ratio; QTc, corrected QT; RCD, right conduction disturbance; SNRI, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; TCA, tricyclic antidepressant. Data reported as OR (95% CI). Bold font indicates significant result.