Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of users of HCQ versus SSZ, and HCQ plus AZM versus HCQ plus AMX after propensity score stratification in the CCAE database
|
HCQ vs SSZ |
HCQ plus AZM vs HCQ plus AMX |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCQ (n=66 604) | SSZ (n=22 370) | Standardised mean difference | HCQ plus AZM (n=32 586) | HCQ plus AMX (n=32 496) | Standard mean difference | |
| Age, years | ||||||
| 15–19 | 0·6% | 0·6% | 0·00 | 0·5% | 0·5% | <0·00 |
| 20–24 | 1·8% | 2·0% | −0·01 | 1·4% | 1·4% | <0·00 |
| 25–29 | 2·5% | 2·7% | −0·01 | 2·2% | 2·2% | <0·00 |
| 30–34 | 4·5% | 4·4% | <0·00 | 4·0% | 3·9% | 0·01 |
| 35–39 | 7·1% | 7·1% | 0·00 | 6·8% | 6·7% | <0·00 |
| 40–44 | 9·7% | 9·5% | 0·01 | 9·3% | 9·3% | <0·00 |
| 45–49 | 13·6% | 13·4% | <0·00 | 13·2% | 13·3% | <0·00 |
| 50–54 | 18·2% | 18·1% | 0·01 | 18·1% | 18·0% | <0·00 |
| 55–59 | 20·8% | 20·8% | <0·00 | 21·5% | 21·8% | −0·01 |
| 60–64 | 19·4% | 19·8% | −0·01 | 21·1% | 21·1% | <0·00 |
| 65–69 | 1·8% | 1·6% | 0·01 | 2·0% | 2·0% | <0·00 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 80·1% | 79·7% | 0·01 | 86·3% | 86·2% | 0·00 |
| Male | 19·9% | 20·3% | 0·01 | 13·7% | 13·8% | 0·00 |
| Medical history: general | ||||||
| Chronic obstructive lung disease | 4·3% | 4·5% | −0·01 | 5·0% | 5·2% | −0·01 |
| Depressive disorder | 13·3% | 13·5% | <0·00 | 14·7% | 14·8% | <0·00 |
| Diabetes | 13·6% | 13·8% | −0·01 | 13·2% | 13·1% | <0·00 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 31·2% | 31·4% | <0·00 | 30·4% | 30·3% | <0·00 |
| Pneumonia | 4·0% | 4·0% | <0·00 | 5·7% | 5·5% | 0·01 |
| Renal impairment | 3·0% | 2·8% | 0·01 | 4·2% | 4·1% | <0·00 |
| Urinary tract infections | 11·6% | 11·5% | <0·00 | 14·0% | 13·9% | <0·00 |
| Medical history: cardiovascular disease | ||||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 1·4% | 1·3% | 0·01 | 1·7% | 1·8% | <0·00 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2·8% | 2·9% | −0·01 | 3·1% | 3·2% | −0·01 |
| Coronary arteriosclerosis | 4·4% | 4·6% | −0·01 | 5·0% | 4·9% | <0·00 |
| Heart disease | 15·5% | 15·4% | <0·00 | 17·8% | 17·9% | <0·00 |
| Heart failure | 1·9% | 2·0% | <0·00 | 2·5% | 2·4% | 0·01 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 3·0% | 3·1% | −0·01 | 3·3% | 3·1% | 0·01 |
| Medication use | ||||||
| Agents acting on the renin–angiotensin system | 24·5% | 24·6% | <0·00 | 27·1% | 26·9% | <0·00 |
| Antidepressants | 36·3% | 36·5% | <0·00 | 43·0% | 42·8% | <0·00 |
| Drugs for obstructive airway diseases | 29·5% | 29·5% | <0·00 | 41·1% | 40·7% | 0·01 |
| Immunosuppressants | 43·4% | 43·6% | <0·00 | 51·1% | 51·2% | <0·00 |
| Opioids | 39·0% | 39·3% | −0·01 | 41·4% | 41·2% | <0·00 |
| Psycholeptics | 33·4% | 33·3% | <0·00 | 38·2% | 38·1% | <0·00 |
Percentages might not sum to 100% because of rounding. An example of one dataset is included. AMX=amoxicillin. AZM=azithromycin. CCAE=IBM Commercial Claims and Encounters. HCQ=hydroxychloroquine. SSZ=sulfasalazine.