Table 2.

Summary of ongoing headStartclinical trialsheadEnd related to stem cells and SARS, MERS and ARDS in ClinicalTrials.gov

 	ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier	Conditions	Study design	Objective	Study Start	Locations	Participants / Ages Eligible for Study	Interventions	Status
Coronavirus
Phase 1	NCT02215811	ARDS on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)	Multi-center, open-label, non-randomized controlled trial.	Patients will be enrolled and receive allogeneic BM-MSCs.	March 2014	Sweden	10 / 18	Allogeneic BM-MSCs	Unknown status
	NCT04276987	SARS	Single-arm design, open label, combined interventional clinical trial,	To explore the safety and efficiency of aerosol inhalation of the exosomes derived from allogenic adipose MSCs in the treatment of severe patients hospitalized with novel coronavirus pneumonia.	February 15, 2020	China	30 / 18–75	MSCs-derived exosomes	Not yet recruiting
	NCT04326036 (Early Phase I)	Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis COPD Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	Interventional, non-randomized	To use of autologous, cellular stromal vascular fraction (cSVF) deployed intravenously to examine the anti-inflammatory and structural potential to improve the residual, permanently damaged alveolar tissues of the lungs.	March 25, 2020	United States	10 / 18–90	Cellular stromal vascular fraction (cSVF)	Enrolling by invitation
Phase 1 Phase 2	NCT04333368	ARDS	Interventional, randomized	To treat intubated-ventilated patients with a SARS-CoV2-related ARDS of less than 96 h by three intravenous infusions of umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSC).	April 6, 2020	France	60 / 18	UC-MSCs	Not yet recruiting
	NCT04355728 (Phase 1 Phase 2)	ARDS	Interventional, randomized	The trial has two groups, each with 12 subjects (n = 24). All eligible subjects will be randomized to either the treatment group or standard of care, and randomization will be stratified by ARDS severity.	April 25, 2020	United States	24 / 18	UC-MSCs	Recruiting
	NCT04346368	SARS	Interventional, randomized	To investigate the safety and efficacy of intravenous infusion of MSCs in severe patients with COVID-19.	April 2020	China	20 / 18–75	BM-MSCs	Not yet recruiting
Phase 2	NCT04288102	SARS	Prospective, double-blind, multi-center, randomized trial	To assess treatment with three intravenous doses of MSCs compared with placebo.	March 5, 2020	China	90 / 18–75	MSCs	Recruiting
	NCT04299152	SARS	Prospective, two-arm, partially masked, single center clinical study	To assess the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of Stem Cell Educator (SCE) therapy for the treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2.	May 10, 2020	Not mentioned	20 / 18–60	SCE-Treated Mononuclear cells apheresis	Not yet recruiting
- Applicable	NCT04273646	Pneumonia	Interventional, randomized	To investigate efficiency and safety of UC-MSCs in treating severe pneumonia patients infected with 2019-nCoV.	April 20, 2020	China	48 / 18–65	UC-MSCs	Not yet recruiting
Not related to coronavirus
Phase 1 Phase 1 Phase 1 Phase 2	NCT02215811	ARDS	Multi-center, open-label, non-randomized controlled trial.	To treat ARDS with allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs.	March 2014	Sweden	10 / 18	Allogeneic BM-MSCs	Unknown
	NCT01902082	ARDS	Interventional, randomized	To assess the safety of allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cellsheadEnd in patients with ARDS.	November 2012	China	20 / 18–90	MSCs	Unknown
	NCT02095444	ARDS Multiple organ failure	Interventional, single group assignment	To determine whether human menstrual blood-derived stem cells are effective in the treatment of infection of H7N9 virus-caused acute lung injury.	March 2014	China	20 / 18	Menstrual blood stem cells	Unknown
	NCT04289194 (Phase 1 Phase 2)	ARDS	Interventional, randomized	To assess the feasibility, safety, and tolerability of the administration of HCR040 in patients with ARDS.	December 10, 2019	Spain	26 / 18	HCR040, a drug whose active substance is HC016, allogeneic adipose-derived adult MSCs expanded and pulsed with H2O2	Active, not recruiting
Phase 2 Phase 2	NCT03818854A	ARDS	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center	An assignment will be made by computer-generated randomization to administer either hMSCs therapy or placebo with a 1:1 allocation to the hMSCs:placebo arms.	November, 2019	United States	120 / 18	BM-MSCs Cell reconstitution media	Recruiting
	NCT02112500	ARDS	Pilot study, interventional, single group assignment	To evaluate the efficacy and safety of MSCs treatment in patients with respiratory failure.	February 2014	Korea	10 / 20–80	MSCs	Unknown
-	NCT03608592	ARDS	Interventional, single group assignment	A package of 100 ml normal saline with 10^6/kg UC-MSCs suspension will be infused from central venous catheter.	June 1, 2018	China	26 / 18	UC-MSCs	Recruiting

BM-MSCs, Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell; UC-MSCs, Umbilical cord derived MSCs