Table 1.
Association between diabetes, A1C, and COVID-19 hospitalisation (n = 337,802).
| Cases/N | Relative risk (95% CI) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||
| Diabetes status | ||||
| None diagnosed/A1C < 6.0 | 535/308,180 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| None diagnosed/A1C 6.0–6.5 | 39/11,018 | 1.93 (1.39, 2.68) | 1.50 (1.08, 2.08) | 1.34 (0.96, 1.88) |
| None diagnosed/A1C ≥ 6.5 | 18/2306 | 4.15 (2.69, 6.65) | 3.04 (1.89, 4.90) | 2.68 (1.66, 4.33) |
| Diagnosed/A1C < 7.0 | 27/9412 | 1.48 (1.01, 2.19) | 1.17 (0.79, 1.73) | 0.94 (0.64, 1.31) |
| Diagnosed/A1C 7.0–8.6 | 19/5176 | 1.90 (1.20, 3.01) | 1.35 (0.91, 2.31) | 1.15 (0.71, 1.84) |
| Diagnosed/A1C ≥ 8.6 | 11/1710 | 3.42 (1.88, 6.22) | 2.39 (1.31, 4.38) | 1.91 (1.04, 3.52) |
| A1C (%) | ||||
| ≤5.10 | 94/71,289 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| 5.11–5.30 | 111/67,953 | 1.22 (0.93, 1.61) | 1.20 (0.91, 1.58) | 1.24 (0.94, 1.64) |
| 5.31–5.50 | 122/67,966 | 1.33 (1.01, 1.74) | 1.26 (0.96, 1.65) | 1.30 (0.99, 1.71) |
| 5.51–5.70 | 129/66,016 | 1.44 (1.10, 1.88) | 1.29 (0.98, 1.69) | 1.29 (0.98, 1.69) |
| >5.70 | 193/64,578 | 2.13 (1.65, 2.74) | 1.64 (1.26, 2.13) | 1.48 (1.19, 1.63) |
| p-Trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Model 1: adjusted age and sex.
Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, education, ethnicity, smoking, physical activity, alcohol.
Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, education, ethnicity, smoking, physical activity, alcohol, hypertension, CVD (heart attack, angina, or stroke), central obesity, total and HDL-cholesterol, C-reactive protein.