Table 3.
Panel Heterogenous Causality of Meteorological factors and COVID-19.
| Variable | DEATHS | CONFIRMED | RECOVERED |
|---|---|---|---|
| T2MDEW | 14.3938*** (Heterogenous) | 14.5267*** (Heterogenous) | 5.1512*** (Heterogenous) |
| T2M_MAX | 11.6935*** (Heterogenous) | 8.1862*** (Heterogenous) | 3.0118*** (Heterogenous) |
| T2M_MIN | 19.0729*** (Heterogenous) | 17.3226*** (Heterogenous) | 5.3330*** (Heterogenous) |
| T2M | 13.4777*** (Heterogenous) | 10.4969*** (Heterogenous) | 1.5708*** (Heterogenous) |
| WS2M | 2.2461** (Heterogenous) | 5.6359*** (Heterogenous) | 4.5602*** (Heterogenous) |
| PRECTOT | 6.8980*** (Heterogenous) | 6.5937*** (Heterogenous) | 5.1015**** (Heterogenous) |
| RH2M | 22.1531*** (Heterogenous) | 25.0581*** (Heterogenous) | 13.3743*** (Heterogenous) |
| PS | 17.5137*** (Heterogenous) | 23.1377**** (Heterogenous) | 4.7666*** (Heterogenous) |
| CONFIRMED | 645.5828*** (Heterogenous) | – | 117.6112*** (Heterogenous) |
Notes: (Heterogenous) represents a rejection of the null hypothesis of homogeneity at p-value < 0.01 using the modified Wald test for groupwise heteroskedasticity in the fixed effect regression model. **,*** denote rejection of the null hypothesis that X does not Granger-cause Y in at least one country. Legend: T2MDEW - Dew/Frost Point at 2 Meters (°С), T2M_MAX - Maximum Temperature at 2 Meters (°С), T2M_MIN - Minimum Temperature at 2 Meters (°С), T2M - Temperature at 2 Meters (°С), WS2M - Wind Speed at 2 Meters (m/s), PRECTOT – Precipitation (mm day−1), RH2M - Relative Humidity at 2 Meters (%), PS - Surface Pressure (kPa), RECOVERED - Recovered Cases of COVID-19 recorded (persons), DEATHS – Deaths of COVID-19 recorded (persons) and CONFIRMED - Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 recorded (persons).