. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 23.

Published in final edited form as: Mol Psychiatry. 2020 Feb 21;25(11):2742–2758. doi: 10.1038/s41380-020-0685-9

Table 2:

mPFC optogenetic/chemogenetic manipulations with sustained effects on behaviors used to study anxiety and depression

	Neuromodulatory Approach	Target Population	Effect	Test
Kumar, 2013⁶⁵	ChR2; Neuron matched (~4hz), 2mW, 5 minutes daily for 14 days after social defeat	PL mPFC Thy-1	No effect anxiolytic	Social avoidance EPM
Soumier, 2014¹⁰¹	Gi DREADD; 0.5mg/kg CNO 2x per day for 3 weeks including test days	PL mPFC SST	Antidepressant	Test battery
Friedman, 2014	Chr2; 5 20hz pulses per 10 second period, 20 minutes per day for 5 days	VTA - mPFC	Antidepressant; No effect	Social avoidance; SPT
Barthas, 2015¹⁰⁸, 2017¹⁰⁷	Chr2; 20hz 40ms 4–5mW for 8 seconds followed by 2 seconds off. 4 days for 30 minutes per day.	ACC mPFC Thy-1	Pro-depressive	NSF, Marble burying, Splash test
Fuchikami, 2015⁶⁰	Chr2; 10hz 15ms, 5mW, 1 minute on – 1 minute off for 60 minutes	IL mPFC glutamatergic	Antidepressant	FST, SPT, NSF
Fuchikami, 2015⁶⁰		PL mPFC glutamatergic	No effect	FST, SPT, NSF
Hare, 2019⁴⁷	Chr2; 10hz 15ms, 5mW, 1 minute on – 1 minute off for 60 minutes	vmPFC Drd1 neurons	Antidepressant; No effect	FST, EPM, NSF SPT
		vmPFC Drd2 neurons	No effect	FST, EPM, NSF
		vmPFC Drd1 - BLA	Antidepressant	FST,NSF

Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), basolateral amygdala (BLA), elevated plus maze (EPM), forced swim test (FST), infralimbic (IL), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), novelty suppressed feeding (NSF), prelimbic (PL), somatostatin (SST), sucrose preference test (SPT), ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), ventral tegmental area (VTA)