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. 2020 Aug 21;10:14069. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70584-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Serum and exosomal cytokine expression in patients with DCIS, EBC, and MBC. Exosomes were isolated from 250 µL of patients’ sera by serial ultracentrifugation. Cytokines were detected from serum and lysed exosomes by a multiplex assay. (a) Heatmap showing unsupervised hierarchical clustering of samples, generated with Multi-Experiment Viewer (MeV v4.9). (b) Scatter plots show the comparison of serum and exosomal cytokine concentrations in patients with DCIS (n = 9), early breast cancer (n = 17), and metastatic breast cancer (n = 17). The statistical analysis was performed by Mann‐Whitney-U test analysis. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Graphs were generated using GraphPad Prism 5.