Fig. 1. Characterization of exosomes derived from hMSCs cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
a Exosomes were extracted from mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) supernatants under normal and hypoxic conditions. b Surface markers of hMSCs detected by flow cytometry: positive for CD44, CD105, and CD73; negative for CD31, CD34, and CD45. c Representative image showing the morphology of normoxic hypoxic hMSCs under light microscopy. d Electron micrograph-analyzed hMSC-derived exosomes. The red arrow indicates exosomes. Scale bar: 100 nm. e Western blot showing the protein level of TSG101, CD63, and CD81 in normoxia-conditioned hMSC-derived Exo (Nor-Exo) and hypoxia-conditioned hMSC-derived Exo (Hypo-Exo), respectively. f Size distribution of Nor-Exo and Hypo-Exo determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). X axis represents size of exosomes. Y axis represents the particle concentration in 1 ml PBS (before dilution). g H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured in the presence or absence (control) of Dil-labeled exosomes (red) at 37 °C for 6 and 24 h. The nucleus was stained with DAPI (blue). The white arrow indicates Dil-labeled exosomes absorbed by exosomes.