Table 5.

Departure of maternal behaviors of children in utero during 9/11 attack using natality data on births conceived before August 14, 2001, excluding residents of New York City and the Washington, DC, metropolitan area^a

			Month of Conception
Maternal Behavior	Number of Observations	Mean	Jan. 2001	Feb. 2001	March 2001	April 2001	May 2001	June 2001	July 2001	Aug. 2001b
Late/No Prenatal Carec (%)	27,033,176	3.7	−0.02 (0.04)	0.02 (0.04)	−0.06 (0.04)	−0.03 (0.04)	−0.04 (0.04)	−0.07 (0.04)	−0.10* (0.04)	−0.15** (0.05)
Maternal Weight Gain	22,013,433	30.8	0.02 (0.03)	0.03 (0.03)	0.06 (0.03)	0.08* (0.03)	0.15** (0.03)	0.17** (0.03)	0.10** (0.03)	0.01 (0.05)
Smoking While Pregnant (%)	22,691,092	13.3	−0.06 (0.07)	−0.01 (0.07)	0.05 (0.07)	−0.03 (0.07)	−0.12 (0.07)	−0.19** (0.07)	−0.16* (0.07)	−0.18 (0.10)
Alcohol Use While Pregnant (%)	23,483,669	1.1	0.00 (0.02)	0.02 (0.02)	0.01 (0.02)	0.02 (0.02)	0.03 (0.02)	−0.02 (0.02)	0.01 (0.02)	0.02 (0.03)

Notes: Robust standard errors are shown in parentheses. Values in bold are statistically significant using the Schwarz criteria. Each regression controls for 16-month conception cohort fixed effects, conception week fixed effects, mother’s state of residence fixed effects, fixed effects for live birth order (8 levels), fixed effects for mother’s age (36 levels), fixed effects for mother’s education level (18 levels), plurality, mother’s diabetes, mother’s race (White, African American, Hispanic, and other), child’s gender, and an interaction of the conception cohort and mother’s state of residence fixed effects.

Source: Data obtained from National Center of Health Statistics 1995–2002 birth certificates.

^aThe Washington, DC, metropolitan area is defined as the Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV PMSA.

^bConceived between August 1, 2001, and August 14, 2001.

^cLate/no prenatal care is defined as either starting prenatal care in the third trimester or never receiving prenatal care.

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01