Table 3.

Path analysis results evaluating whether children’s general health and stress mediate the relationship between sleep quality and life satisfaction for the full sample and subsample of children with above average sleep distance.

	Model 1 - Full Sample					Model 2 - Subsample
		SE	95% CI		p-value		SE	95% CI		p-value
			LL	UL				LL	UL
Sleep disturbance → Stress	0.35	0.03	0.29	0.4	<0.01	0.28	0.04	0.2	0.35	<0.01
Covariates → Stress
Age (in years)	0.08	0.03	0.02	0.13	<0.01	0.08	0.03	0.01	0.15	0.02
Sex
Female	Ref					Ref
Male	−0.02	0.03	−0.07	0.03	0.53	−0.02	0.04	−0.09	0.05	0.64
Race
White	Ref					Ref
Black/African American	−0.09	0.03	−0.14	−0.04	<0.01	−0.1	0.04	−0.17	−0.03	<0.01
Other race	−0.01	0.03	−0.07	0.05	0.67	−0.01	0.04	−0.09	0.08	0.87
Hispanic origin
Non-Hispanic	Ref					Ref
Hispanic	−0.08	0.03	−0.13	−0.02	<0.01	−0.09	0.04	−0.17	−0.01	0.03
Annual household income
$20,000	Ref					Ref
$20–40,000	−0.02	0.03	−0.08	0.05	0.58	−0.01	0.04	−0.1	0.07	0.76
$40–60,000	−0.03	0.04	−0.1	0.05	0.45	−0.09	0.05	−0.18	0.01	0.08
$60,000	−0.1	0.04	−0.17	−0.03	<0.01	−0.11	0.05	−0.2	−0.02	0.02
Maternal mental health
No problems	Ref					Ref
Problems	0.14	0.03	0.09	0.19	<0.01	0.12	0.04	0.05	0.19	<0.01
Sleep disturbance → General health	−0.11	0.03	−0.16	−0.05	<0.01	−0.03	0.04	−0.1	0.04	<0.01
Stress → General health	−0.32	0.03	−0.38	−0.27	<0.01	−0.35	0.04	−0.42	−0.28	0.36
Covariates → General health
Age (in years)	0.01	0.03	−0.04	0.06	0.69	0	0.03	−0.07	0.06	0.96
Sex
Female	Ref					Ref
Male	−0.07	0.03	−0.12	−0.02	0.01	−0.07	0.03	−0.14	0	0.04
Race
White	Ref					Ref
Black/African American	−0.11	0.03	−0.17	−0.05	<0.01	−0.13	0.04	−0.2	−0.05	<0.01
Other race	0.07	0.03	0.01	0.13	0.02	0.07	0.04	−0.01	0.14	0.09
Hispanic origin
Non-Hispanic	Ref					Ref
Hispanic	−0.12	0.03	−0.18	−0.07	<0.01	−0.06	0.04	−0.14	0.01	0.09
Annual household income
$20,000	Ref					Ref
$20–40,000	0.05	0.03	−0.02	0.12	0.14	0.12	0.04	0.03	0.2	<0.01
$40–60,000	0.14	0.04	0.07	0.21	<0.01	0.2	0.05	0.11	0.29	<0.01
$60,000	0.17	0.04	0.1	0.25	<0.01	0.24	0.05	0.14	0.33	<0.01
Maternal mental health
No problems	Ref					Ref
Problems	−0.01	0.03	−0.07	0.04	0.68	0	0.04	−0.07	0.08	0.89
Stress → Life satisfaction	−0.32	0.03	−0.38	−0.26	<0.01	−0.32	0.04	−0.39	−0.24	<0.01
General health → Life satisfaction	0.36	0.03	0.3	0.41	<0.01	0.33	0.04	0.26	0.41	<0.01
Covariates → Life satisfaction
Annual household income
$20,000	Ref					Ref
$20–40,000	0.03	0.03	−0.03	0.1	0.23	0.04	0.04	−0.04	0.12	0.32
$40–60,000	0.02	0.03	−0.04	0.08	0.55	0.02	0.04	−0.06	0.11	0.57
$60,000	0.08	0.03	0.02	0.15	<0.01	0.12	0.04	0.04	0.2	<0.01
Maternal mental health
No problems	Ref					Ref
Problems	0	0.02	−0.05	0.05	0.97	−0.02	0.03	−0.09	0.04	0.51
Stress error variance	0.81	0.02	0.77	0.85	-	0.87	0.02	0.82	0.92	-
General health error variance	0.81	0.02	0.77	0.85	-	0.8	0.03	0.75	0.86	-
Life satisfaction error variance	0.67	0.02	0.62	0.72	-	0.68	0.03	0.62	0.74	-

-, not applicable.

Abbreviations: SE, Standard Error; 95% CI, 95% Confidence Interval; LL, Lower limit; UL, Upper limit; Ref, reference category.

Note. Results reflect bootstrapped standard errors and normal-based confidence intervals.