Table 1.
Immunotherapy agents currently under clinical investigation in combination with radiation therapy.
| Category | Examples of Immune Rx | Disease Site | Phase | Number of Current Studies (N) | Fold Change in N from 2018 [56] to Present |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Checkpoint Inhibitors | Anti-CTLA-4 | Cervix, Melanoma, Head & Neck, Pancreas, Liver, Lung | I/II/III | 98 | 5 |
| PD-1/PD-L-1 | Esophageal, NSCLC, Malignant Glioma, Melanoma (Brain metastases), Invasive Bladder, Oligometastatic Breast, Head & Neck, Pancreas, Gastric, Colorectal, Follicular Lymphoma | I/II/III | 451 | 5 | |
| Cytokines | IL-2, IFN, GM-CSF, and TGF-beta blockade | Metastatic Breast, NSCLC, Glioblastoma, Follicular Lymphoma, and Pancreas | I/II | 149 | 16 |
| Cell Therapy | CAR T cells (Anti BCMA, CD19, CD-30, TAI-meso, EGFRvIII, mesothelin, CD22) | B-cell Lymphomas, Pancreas, Glioblastoma, Follicular Lymphoma, Pancreas | I/II | 18 | 0.67 |
| Vaccines/Oncolytic Viruses | AdV-tk, Sipluleucel-T, G207, ADV/HSV-tk, Oncolytic Adenovirus Ad5-yCD/mutTKSR39rep-hIL12 and Ad5-yCD/mutTKSR39rep-AD | Prostate, Pancreas, Malignant supratentorial neoplasms, NSCLC, Triple Negative Breast, Prostate, Glioma, Ovarian, NSCLC, Sarcoma, Glioblastoma, Neuroblastoma, | I/II/III | 23 | 0.66 |
| Other Ta rgeted Immune Rx | OX40 antibody, CDX-301, GITR, and TLR-4,7,9 Agonists | Melanoma, Renal Cell Carcinoma, NSCLC, Breast, Sarcoma, Cutaneous T-cell and Recurrent Lymphoma | I/II | 22 | 0.76 |