Table 1.
Characteristics of the Studies Evaluating the Association Between Human Pegivirus Viremia and Lymphoma Risk
| First Author | Year | Country | Type of Study | Laboratory Method | Classification | Cases | Controls | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time Period | No. | HCV | HIV | HPgV | Time Period | No. | HCV | HIV | HPgV | Source | Matching | ||||||
| Zignego | 1997 | Italy | Case-control | PCR | IWF | … | 150 | 24.6% | … | 6% | … | 165 | … | … | 1.2% | Healthy subjects | Age, sex |
| Minton | 1998 | UK | Case-control | RT-PCR | Not reported | Jul–Aug 1996 | 76 | … | … | 9.2% | Jul 96 | 100 | … | … | 1% | Healthy blood donors | None |
| Persico | 1998 | Italy | Case-control | RT-PCR | Not reported | … | 71 | 4.2% | … | 16.9% | … | 71 | 1.4% | … | 1.4% | Healthy subjects | None |
| Civardi | 1998 | Italy | Case-control | RT-PCR | Not reported | … | 33 | 100% | … | 3% | … | 249 | … | … | 2.8% | Not specified | None |
| Ogino | 1999 | Japan | Case-control | RT-PCR | IWF | 1991–1997 | 33 | 12.1% | … | 0% | 1991–1997 | 45 | 4.4% | … | 0% | Hospital patients | Age, sex |
| Collier | 1999 | Canada | Case-control | Ligase C | IWF | Feb–May 1997 | 100 | 1% | … | 5% | Feb–May 1997 | 100 | 1% | … | 3% | Cancer patients | Age, sex |
| De Renzo | 2002 | Italy | Case-control | PCR | Not reported | … | 227 | … | 0% | 6% | … | 110 | … | 0% | 0.9% | Healthy blood donors | Age, sex |
| Kaya | 2002 | Turkey | Case-control | PCR | IWF | … | 70 | 1.4% | … | 7.1% | … | 70 | 1.4% | … | 1.4% | Healthy subjects | Age, sex |
| Giannoulis | 2004 | Greece | Case-control | RT-PCR | WHO | 1999–2000 | 108 | 1.9% | … | 9.2% | 1999–2000 | 285 | … | … | 0.7% | Blood donors | None |
| Ernst | 2011 | Germany | Case-control | … | Not reported | … | 33 | … | 100% | 30.3% | … | 584 | … | 100% | 23.6% | HIV patients | None |
| Krajden | 2010 | Canada | Case-control | RT-PCR | WHO | 2000–2004 | 553 | 2.2% | … | 4.5% | … | 438 | 0.9% | … | 1.8% | Healthy subjects | Age, sex, region |
| Khodavandi | 2011 | Iran | Case-control | RT-PCR | Not reported | … | 70 | … | … | 2.8% | … | 100 | … | … | 1% | Other patients | None |
| Rezaeian | 2012 | Iran | Case-control | PCR | WHO | 2007–2011 | 140 | 2.9% | … | 4.3% | 2007–2011 | 120 | 0% | … | 2.5% | Hospital patients | None |
| Chang | 2014 | US | Cohort | RT-PCR | WHO | 1993–2001 | 658 | … | … | 1.8% | 1993–2001 | 1316 | … | … | 0.5% | Healthy subjects | Age, sex, race/ ethnicity |
| Fama | 2018 | US | Case-control | RT-PCR | WHO | 2002–2015 | 2094 | … | … | 10.1% | 2002–2015 | 1572 | … | … | 5% | Hospital patients | Age, sex, region |
Abbreviations: HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HPgV, human pegivirus; IWF, International Working Formulation; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction; UK, United Kingdom; US, United States; WHO, World Health Organization.