Table 1.
Technical Specifications per Paper, Ordered per HSI Style
| Year | Study Type | Pathology | Hardware | Snapshot | No. of Participants | Wavelength Range (Resolution), Pixels (Resolution) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Truitt et al.48 | 2000 | Exp human in vivo | NA | FTVHSI (CCD + rotating mirror) | No (8.3 fps, 1 D) | 450–800 nm 54 bands (4–11 nm), (56 × 79 µm retina per pixel) | |
| Zamora et al.68 | 2004 | Case control | DM CSME | HSFI (CCD) | No (1 D) | 2 | 400–800 nm 110 bands (4–5 nm) |
| Davis et al.69 | 2007 | Case control | Different macular diseases | HSRID (CCD) | No (1 D) | 15 + 20 co | 500–700 nm 100 bands (20 nm), 1 line of 50 × 200 µm |
| Schweizer et al.29 | 2012 | Exp in vitro | AMD | Fourier transform interferometer (CCD + microscope) | No (50 fps) | 1. 400–600 per 10 nm (7 nm) | |
| Harvey et al.49 | 2002 | Exp human in vivo | DR + glaucoma | Band-pass interference filters + CCD | No | 3 | 400–1100 nm, 1024 × 1344 pixels (illumination) |
| Alabboud et al.51 | 2007 | Exp human in vivo | Healthy oximetry | (1) LCTF + CCD (2) IRIS | 1. No 2. Yesa | (1) 400–700 nm per 7–9 nm (2) 560–600 nm and 577–600 nm 8 bands | |
| Mordant et al.52 | 2011 | Exp in vitro | Oximetry | LCTF + CCD | No <5 min | 500–650 nm per 2 nm | |
| Mordant et al.26 | 2011 | Exp human in vivo | Healthy Oximetry | LCTF + CCD | No | 14 (+1 RVO) | 500–650 nm per 2 nm (420–720 nm per 10 nm also possible) |
| Mordant et al.53 | 2014 | Case control | POAG | LCTF + CCD | No | 11 POAG + 14 co | 556–650 nm per 2 nm |
| Nourrit et al.28 | 2010 | Exp human in vivo | DM + glaucoma oximetry | LCTF + CCD | No <1.6 s | 28 (POAG + DR + NL) | 495–720 nm at 8 predetermined wavelengths, 336 × 256 pixels |
| Hirohara et al.54 | 2007 | Exp human in vivo | Healthy oximetry | LCTF + CCD | No 7 s (4.9 fps) | 16 | 500–720 nm per 10 nm (20 nm), 320 × 256 pixels |
| Tam et al.64 | 2011 | Exp mice in vivo | Glaucoma (lymphatics) | LCTF + CCD (MaestroTM) + microscope | No (1.1 fps) | 500–800 nm per 10 nm | |
| Smith et al.47 | 2014 | Exp human ex vivo | Healthy RP | LCTF + CCD (Nuance Fx Multispectral camera) + microscope | No | 20 | 420–720 nm per 10 nm |
| Ben Ami et al.46 | 2016 | Exp human ex vivo | Healthy RP | LCTF + CCD (Nuance Fx Multispectral camera) + microscope | No | 20 | 420–720 nm per 10 nm (excited at 2 bands, 436–460 and 480–510 nm) |
| Tong et al.33 | 2016 | Exp human ex vivo | AMD RP | LCTF + CCD (Nuance Fx Multispectral camera) + microscope | No | 5 | 420–720 nm per 10 nm (excited at 2 bands, 436–460 and 480–510 nm) |
| Dey et al.65 | 2019 | Exp human ex vivo | AMD RP | LCTF + CCD (Nuance Fx Multispectral camera) + microscope | No | 15 | 420–720 nm per 10 nm (excited at 436, 480, 500 and 560 nm) |
| Francis et al.66 | 2011 | Exp human in vivo | AMD + hyperbilirubinemia | TLS + CCD | No | (1.5 nm) | |
| Patel et al.57 | 2013 | Exp human in vivo | Healthy oximetry | TLS + CCD | No 10 s (12.5 fps) | 6 | 500–600 nm 5 bands, 1392 × 1040 pixels |
| Shahidi et al.60 | 2013 | Exp human in vivo | Healthy oximetry | TLS + CCD | No 3 s (12.5 fps) | 9 | 500–650 nm 5 bands, 1392 × 1040 pixels |
| Shahidi et al.30 | 2017 | Case control | POAG | TLS + CCD | No 3 s (12.5 fps) | 22 POAG + 17 co | 548–610 nm 5 bands |
| Tayyari et al.32 | 2015 | Case control | DM oximetry | TLS + CCD | No (12.5 fps) | 13 DM + 15 co | 548, 569, 586, 600, 605, et al. and 610 nm |
| Tayyari et al.62 | 2019 | Case control | DR oximetry | TLS + CCD | No (12.5 fps) | 14 DR + 17 co | 548, 569, 586, 600, 605, et al. and 610 nm |
| Rose et al.58 | 2016 | Exp human in vivo | Healthy oximetry | TLS + CCD (MHRC) | No (27 fps) | 11 | 500–650 nm per 5 nm, 1.3 megapixel |
| Desjardins et al.63 | 2016 | Exp human in vivo | Glaucoma + healthy ox. | TLS + CCD (MHRC) | No <3 s (27 fps) | 2 glaucoma + 11 co | 500–600 nm per 2 and 5 nm, 1.3 megapixel |
| Rose et al.59 | 2018 | Case control | Radiation retinopathy | TLS + CCD (MHRC) | No | 8 | 520–620 nm per 5 nm |
| Hadoux et al.56 | 2019 | Case Control | Alzheimer | TLS + CCD (MHRC) | No 1 s (100 fps) frames) | 15 + 20 co | 450–900 nm per 5 nm |
| Sharafi et al.61 | 2019 | Case control | Alzheimer | TLS + CCD (MHRC) | No 1 s (91 frames) | 16 + 30 co | 450–900 nm per 5 nm |
| More et al.67 | 2016 | Exp mice in vivo | Alzheimer | Monochromator + CCD | No 20 s | 8 per group | 408–705 nm 16 bands (15 nm), 1392 × 1024 pixels |
| Khoobehi et al.50 | 2012 | Exp human in vivo | Healthy oximetry | Lens array + 7 band-pass filters + CCD | Yes | ||
| Khoobehi et al.70 | 2004 | Exp monkey in vivo | Healthy oximetry | Spectrograph (PGP architecture + CCD) + linear actuator | No 10–30 s | 2 | 410–950 nm 256 bands (2.5 nm), 512 pixels |
| Beach et al.71 | 2007 | Exp monkey in vivo | Oximetry with varying IOP | Spectrograph (PGP architecture + CCD) + linear actuator | No 10–30 s | 5 | 384 × 384 pixels |
| Beach et al.72 | 2009 | Exp monkey in vivo | Oximetry with varying IOP | Spectrograph (PGP architecture + CCD) + linear actuator | No 10–30 s | 385 × 384 pixels | |
| Khoobehi et al.73 | 2009 | Exp monkey in vivo | Oximetry with varying IOP | Spectrograph (PGP architecture + CCD) + linear actuator | No 10–30 s | 386 × 384 pixels | |
| Khoobehi et al.74 | 2011 | Exp monkey in vivo | Oximetry under NCX 434 | Spectrograph (PGP architecture + CCD) + linear actuator | No | ||
| Liu et al.75 | 2012 | RCT mice in vivo | Cerebral malaria | ? | No | ||
| Li et al.43 | 2007 | RCT rats ex vivo | DR | Spectrometer (PGP) + CCD + microscope + linear actuator | No | 12 DM + 10 co | 404–865 nm 240 bands (2 nm), 460 × 300 pixels |
| Li et al.44 | 2008 | RCT rats ex vivo | DR | Spectrometer (PGP) + CCD + microscope + linear actuator | No | 400–800 nm 240 bands (2 nm), 640 × 300 pixels (1.125 µm) | |
| Li et al.45 | 2010 | RCT rats ex vivo | DR + EPO | Spectrometer (PGP) + CCD + microscope + linear actuator | No | 40 | 400–780 nm, (0.3–0.6 µm) |
| Gao et al.76 | 2012 | Exp human in vivo | Healthy oximetry + MP | IMS (mirror array + prism array + CCD) | Yes (5.2 fps) | 1 | 470–650 nm 48 bands (4 nm), 350 × 350 pixels |
| Dwight et al.23 | 2016 | Case series | AMD, ReP + chron. IC | IMS (mirror array + prism array + CCD) | Yes (5 fps) | 4 | 470–670 nm 40 bands (4 nm), 350 × 350 pixels |
| Dwight et al.77 | 2019 | Exp human in vivo | Oximetry | IMS (mirror array + prism array + CCD) | Yes (5 fps) | 15 | 470–670 nm 43 bands (4.7 nm), 350 × 350 pixels |
| Yamauchi et al.78 | 2012 | Case control | AMD | HSI NIR (mirror + spectrograph + CCD) | No 5 s (60 fps) | 62 AMD + 12 co | 412–1033 nm 640 bands (0.97 nm), 480 × 321 pixels (33 µm × 16 µm) |
| Kameyama et al.79 | 2015 | Diagnostic Accuracy | Choroidal Melanoma | HSI NIR (mirror + spectrograph + CCD) | No 5 s | 5 CM + 12 co | 720–950 nm (0.97 nm), (33 µm vertically and 16 µm horizontally) |
| More et al.27 | 2015 | Exp mice ex vivo | Alzheimer | PGP + CCD + microscope + linear actuator | No | 400–1000 nm 467 bands (2.5 nm), 322× 322 nm retina per pixel | |
| Browne et al.80 | 2017 | Exp In vitro | hESC + iPSC cultures | Hspec (excitation at 740 nm) + Microscope | No 15–20 s | 420–690 nm 64 bands (excited at 740 nm) | |
| More et al.81 | 2019 | Case control | Alzheimer | Beam splitter + CCD and spectrograph | Yes (1 line) | 19 + 16 co | 400–1000 nm per 2.5 nm |
| Johnson et al.36 | 2007 | In silico + 1 case/co | Healthy oximetry | CTIS + CCD | Yes 3 ms | 450–700 nm 50 bands | |
| Fawzi et al.24 | 2011 | Exp human in vivo | Healthy MP | CTIS + CCD | Yes 20 ms | 6 | 420–720 nm 76 bands (4 nm), 186 × 186 pixels (22 µm) |
| Kashani et al.25 | 2011 | Exp rats in vivo | Healthy oximetry | CTIS + CCD | Yes 3 ms | 450–700 nm 76 bands, (vessels to 50 µm) | |
| Jaime et al.82 | 2012 | Exp rats in vivo | RVO oximetry | CTIS + CCD | Yes | 30 | |
| Kashani et al.83 | 2014 | Case control | DM oximetry | CTIS + CCD | Yes | 12 DM + 45 co | 450–700 nm 76 bands (4 nm) |
| Khoobehi et al. 84 | 2012 | Exp human in vivo | Healthy oximetry | 648 fibers + 4-split spectrometer + CCD | Yes | (1 nm), 458 (648) pixels (10 µm [20 µm]) | |
| Khoobehi et al.85 | 2014 | Letter to the Editor | N/A | 480 fibers + 4-split spectrometer + CCD | Yes | (1 nm), 458 (648) pixels (10 µm [20 µm]) | |
| Li et al.86 | 2017 | Exp in vitro + rat in vivo | Healthy oximetry | SRDA (Fabry–Perot cavity filter + CMOS) | Yes 50 ms | 460–630 nm 16 bands (11–19 nm), 256 × 512 pixels (22 µm) | |
| Kaluzny et al.87 | 2017 | Exp human in vivo | Healthy oximetry + MP OD | SRDA (Fabry–Perot cavity filter + CMOS) | Yes | 12 | 460–630 nm |
| Wang et al. et al.88 | 2019 | Exp human in vivo | AMD | SRDA (Fabry–Perot cavity filter + CMOS) | Yes | 22 AMD + 6 co | 460–630 nm 16 bands (11-19 nm), 256 × 512 pixels (22 µm) |
CCD, charge-coupled device; chron. IC, chronic iridocyclitis; CM, choroidal melanoma; CMOS, complementary metal oxide semiconductor; co, controls; CSME, clinically significant macular edema; DM, diabetes mellitus; DR, diabetic retinopathy; EPO, erythropoietin; Exp, experimental setting; fps, frames per second; FTVHSI, Fourier Transform hyperspectral imager (Sagnac interferometer + CCD + rotating mirror); hESC, human embryonic stem cell; HFSI, hyperspectral fundus imager (= Fourier Transform Imaging Spectrometer (FTIS) + xenon flashlamp); HSI NIR, hyperspectral imager near-infrared (motor-driven scanning mirror + imaging spectrograph with volume-type holographic transmission grating + CCD); HSRID, hyperspectral retinal imaging device (= Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) + Sagnac MP: macular pigment study; IMS, imaging spectrograph (interferometer + Fourier lens + cylindrical lens + CCD); IOP, intraocular pressure; iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell; N/A, not applicable; OD, optical density study; ox., oximetry; POAG, primary open-angle glaucoma; ReP, retinitis pigmentosa; RP, retinal pigment study; RVO, retinal vein occlusion; TLS, tunable wavelength laser source.
aEight bands.
Note: Maestro, Nuance Fx, MHRC, and Hspec are commercially available hyperspectral imagers.