Table 2.
Products of airway and lung directed differentiation protocols
| Definitive Endoderm | Anterior Foregut Endoderm | Lung Specification | Proximal Epithelia | Distal Epithelia | Contaminant Populations | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green et al. 2011 | >90% CKIT+CXCR4+ | 92±2% FOXA2+ SOX2+ | 37±6% NKX2.1+ | Not quantified | Not quantified | None observed |
| Mou et al. 2012 | 85–90% FOXA2+SOX17+ | 50-60% FOXA2+ SOX2+ | 10–30% NKX2.1 | NKX2.1+P63+in vivo (Not quantified) |
Not quantified | None observed |
| Wong et al. 2012 | 87.5% CD117+CXCR4+ | 78% FOXA2+EPCAM+ | 32.1% NKX2.1 32.2% PanKRT+ 30.9% CFTR+ 53.9% P63+ |
42.8% CFTR+ panKRT+ 24.8% FOXJ1+ 14.6% CFTR+FOXJ1+ |
SOX9+, SPC+ (Not quantified) |
PDX1+ TG+ PAX9+ HNF4+ AFP+ |
| Huang et al. 2014 | >96% CKIT+ CXCR4+ | Not quantified | 86.4% NKX2.1+FOXA2+ | 2–5% SCGB1A1+ P63+, MUC5AC+, FOXJ1+ (Not quantified) |
50% SPB+ Surfactant metabolism |
TUJ1+ PAX6+ |
| Firth et al. 2014 | 64.8±4.2% FOXA2+SOX17+ ~45% EPCAM+ CXCR+CKIT+ |
45.9±8.4% NKX2.1+SOX2+ 55.6±5% FOXA2+NKX2.1+ |
Not Quantified | 27.3±3.7% CCSP+ 1–2% MUC5AC+ AcTUB+, CFTR+ (Not quantified) |
None observed | TG+ TUJ1+ |
| Gotoh et al. 2014 | ≥80% CXCR4+ | ≥88% FOXA2+SOX2+ | 57–77% FOXA2+NKX2.1+ | CCSP+ (Not quantified) |
3.82%±0.5% CPM+SPC+ SPB+ AQP5+ (Not quantified) |
None observed |
| Dye et al. 2015 | Not reported | FOXA2+SOX2+NKX2.1+ (Not quantified) |
57% NKX2.1+ | 39% P63+ 3% FOXJ1+ SCGB1A1+ (Not quantified) |
5% SPC+ 4% HOPX+ |
Vimentin+ SMA+ layer around airway-like structures |
| Konishi et al. 2016 | Not reported | Not reported | NKX2.1+SOX2+ (Not quantified) |
72–87% FOXJ1+ AcTUB+, CFTR+, MUC5AC+, KRT5+, SCGB1A1+, CHGA+, SYP+ (Not quantified) Ciliary beating |
None observed | None observed |
| Chen et al. 2017 | Not reported | 89.07±3.36% FOXA2+ 92.08±1.88% EPCAM+ |
51.26±4.37% NKX2.1+ | 23.78±5.21 SOX2+ | 76.75±6.89% SOX9+ SPC+, SPB+, MUC1+, HT2-280+ (Not quantified) Surfactant metabolism |
Vimentin+ SMA+ CD90+ PDGFRA+ PDGFRB+ |
| McCauley et al. 2017 | Not reported | Not reported | 35.2% NKX2.1-GFP+ | SOX2+, P63+, KRT5+, SCGB3A2+, AcTUB+ (Not quantified) |
SOX9+, SPC+, SPB+ (Not quantified) | None observed |
| Jacob et al. 2017 | Not reported | Not reported | >78.2% NKX2.1-GFP+ | None observed | 98.7% NKX2.1+SPC+ | None observed |
| Yamamoto et al. 2017 | Not reported | Not reported | 85.2%±5.6% NKX2.1+ | None observed | 51.2%±1.2% SPC+ SPB+, PDPN+, AQP5+ (Not quantified) |
None observed |
| de Carvalho et al. 2018 | Not reported | Not reported | 90-98% NKX2.1+ | 53.5±4.31% P63+ 45±10.5% ITGA6+ITGB4+ 16.5±5.85% EPCAM+NGFR+ ~15% of AcTUB+ <1% of MUC5B+ <1% of CC10+ |
<12.1±5.3% EPCAM+HT-280+ <2% PDPN+HOPX+ |
None observed |
| Miller et al. 2019 | Not reported | Not reported | SOX2+SOX9+ID2+NKX2.1+ (Not quantified) |
P63+, AcTUB+, FOXJ1+, MUC5AC+ (Not quantified) |
HOPX+, SPC+, SPB+ (Not quantified) | SMA+ layer around airway-like regions |