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. 2020 Aug 22;161:90–109. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.005

Table 2.

Products of airway and lung directed differentiation protocols

Definitive Endoderm Anterior Foregut Endoderm Lung Specification Proximal Epithelia Distal Epithelia Contaminant Populations
Green et al. 2011 >90% CKIT+CXCR4+ 92±2% FOXA2+ SOX2+ 37±6% NKX2.1+ Not quantified Not quantified None observed
Mou et al. 2012 85–90% FOXA2+SOX17+ 50-60% FOXA2+ SOX2+ 10–30% NKX2.1 NKX2.1+P63+in vivo
(Not quantified)
Not quantified None observed
Wong et al. 2012 87.5% CD117+CXCR4+ 78% FOXA2+EPCAM+ 32.1% NKX2.1
32.2% PanKRT+
30.9% CFTR+
53.9% P63+
42.8% CFTR+ panKRT+
24.8% FOXJ1+
14.6% CFTR+FOXJ1+
SOX9+, SPC+
(Not quantified)
PDX1+
TG+
PAX9+
HNF4+
AFP+
Huang et al. 2014 >96% CKIT+ CXCR4+ Not quantified 86.4% NKX2.1+FOXA2+ 2–5% SCGB1A1+

P63+, MUC5AC+, FOXJ1+
(Not quantified)
50% SPB+

Surfactant metabolism
TUJ1+
PAX6+
Firth et al. 2014 64.8±4.2% FOXA2+SOX17+

~45% EPCAM+
CXCR+CKIT+
45.9±8.4% NKX2.1+SOX2+

55.6±5% FOXA2+NKX2.1+
Not Quantified 27.3±3.7% CCSP+
1–2% MUC5AC+

AcTUB+, CFTR+
(Not quantified)
None observed TG+
TUJ1+
Gotoh et al. 2014 ≥80% CXCR4+ ≥88% FOXA2+SOX2+ 57–77% FOXA2+NKX2.1+ CCSP+
(Not quantified)
3.82%±0.5% CPM+SPC+

SPB+ AQP5+
(Not quantified)
None observed
Dye et al. 2015 Not reported FOXA2+SOX2+NKX2.1+
(Not quantified)
57% NKX2.1+ 39% P63+
3% FOXJ1+

SCGB1A1+
(Not quantified)
5% SPC+
4% HOPX+
Vimentin+

SMA+ layer around airway-like structures
Konishi et al. 2016 Not reported Not reported NKX2.1+SOX2+
(Not quantified)

72–87% FOXJ1+

AcTUB+, CFTR+, MUC5AC+, KRT5+, SCGB1A1+,
CHGA+, SYP+
(Not quantified)

Ciliary beating
None observed None observed
Chen et al. 2017 Not reported 89.07±3.36% FOXA2+

92.08±1.88% EPCAM+
51.26±4.37% NKX2.1+ 23.78±5.21 SOX2+ 76.75±6.89% SOX9+

SPC+, SPB+, MUC1+, HT2-280+
(Not quantified)

Surfactant metabolism
Vimentin+ SMA+
CD90+
PDGFRA+ PDGFRB+
McCauley et al. 2017 Not reported Not reported 35.2% NKX2.1-GFP+ SOX2+, P63+, KRT5+, SCGB3A2+, AcTUB+
(Not quantified)
SOX9+, SPC+, SPB+ (Not quantified) None observed
Jacob et al. 2017 Not reported Not reported >78.2% NKX2.1-GFP+ None observed 98.7% NKX2.1+SPC+ None observed
Yamamoto et al. 2017 Not reported Not reported 85.2%±5.6% NKX2.1+ None observed 51.2%±1.2% SPC+

SPB+, PDPN+, AQP5+
(Not quantified)
None observed
de Carvalho et al. 2018 Not reported Not reported 90-98% NKX2.1+ 53.5±4.31% P63+
45±10.5% ITGA6+ITGB4+ 16.5±5.85% EPCAM+NGFR+ ~15% of AcTUB+
<1% of MUC5B+
<1% of CC10+
<12.1±5.3% EPCAM+HT-280+

<2% PDPN+HOPX+
None observed
Miller et al. 2019 Not reported Not reported SOX2+SOX9+ID2+NKX2.1+
(Not quantified)
P63+, AcTUB+, FOXJ1+, MUC5AC+
(Not quantified)
HOPX+, SPC+, SPB+ (Not quantified) SMA+ layer around airway-like regions