Table 3.
Themes and subthemes of IDI analysis following the WHO framework for medication adherence
| Themes | Sub-themes |
|---|---|
| (1) Attitudes toward disease | Symptoms at diagnosis and concerns |
| • Neurological symptoms: headache, dizziness, stroke | |
| • General symptoms: fatigue, thirsty, frequent urinate | |
| • Asymptomatic with incidental DM diagnosis | |
| Effect to ADLs/Non effect to ADLs | |
| Health belief related to disease causation | |
| - Irreversible condition (risk form older, genetic disease) | |
| - Behavior (lack of exercise, poor diet control, obesity) | |
| - Cause from hypertension and dyslipidemia | |
| - Unknown | |
| (2) Attitudes toward treatment | Daily medication prescription |
| - Afraid of adverse effects from medications, especially renal side effects | |
| - Understand and accept medical treatment | |
| Adverse effect associated with treatment | |
| - Has experienced | |
| - Has experienced but corrected by health care team | |
| Number of medications taken perceived as: | |
| - Too many | |
| - Appropriate | |
| (3) Attitudes toward family support | - No family involvement or reminders to take medication |
| - Family support in various ways | |
| (4) Attitudes toward health care team | Providing treatment and advice |
| - Fear of diabetic complications | |
| - Trust doctor’s advice | |
| Doctor-patient relationship | |
| - Doctor demonstrated compassion and understanding |